# Normal Temp for Dogs: Range, How to Measure, and Fever The normal temp for dogs is roughly 37.5 to 39.2 degrees Celsius, which is 99.5 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. That range is higher than the human reference range, so a dog who feels warm to your hand is usually not running a fever. A rectal reading above 39.5 C (103 F) is generally treated as a fever, and a reading above 40 C (104 F) is a reason to call a veterinarian right away. This guide explains what a normal dog temperature actually is, how that range shifts with body size and activity, how to take a rectal temperature safely at home, and how to tell a true fever from a hot day, a hard run, or simple stress. It also covers what fever means medically, which measurements you should not trust, and the specific signs that turn a warm dog into an emergency. This article is educational and is not a substitute for veterinary diagnosis or treatment. ## At a Glance: Normal Temperature and When to Call | Size group | Typical normal rectal range | Fever threshold | Call a vet now if | |--|--|--|--| | Toy and small breeds (under about 10 kg / 22 lb) | 38.0 to 39.2 C (100.4 to 102.5 F), sometimes slightly higher | Above 39.5 C (103 F) | Above 40 C (104 F), or any fever with lethargy, vomiting, collapse, or trouble breathing | | Medium breeds (about 10 to 25 kg / 22 to 55 lb) | 37.7 to 39.2 C (99.9 to 102.5 F) | Above 39.5 C (103 F) | Above 40 C (104 F), or any fever with the same warning signs | | Large and giant breeds (over about 25 kg / 55 lb) | 37.5 to 39.0 C (99.5 to 102.2 F) | Above 39.5 C (103 F) | Above 40 C (104 F), or any fever with the same warning signs | | Puppies (neonatal to a few weeks old) | Lower and climbing toward adult range | Discuss with your vet | Any abnormal reading in a very young puppy | The upper fever threshold of 39.5 C (103 F) is consistent across sizes. What changes with size is mainly the low end and the middle of the range, not the point at which you should worry. ## What Is a Normal Temperature for a Dog?

A normal temperature for a dog sits in a band that is about one to two degrees Fahrenheit higher than a normal human temperature. The most widely used clinical reference is 37.5 to 39.2 C (99.5 to 102.5 F) measured rectally. This is the figure you will see in owner education material from veterinary teaching hospitals and in standard veterinary references [1][2]. Large-scale data support a similar range. In a study of 9,782 adult dogs examined at a university clinic, the mean rectal temperature was 38.6 C (101.5 F) with a reference interval of 37.7 C to 39.5 C (99.9 F to 103.1 F) [3]. That interval was calculated from a mixed population of healthy and sick dogs, which is why its upper limit sits slightly above the 39.2 C figure used in day-to-day practice. The two numbers are not in conflict. One describes a clinical rule of thumb, the other describes a statistical reference interval derived from a very large dataset. For owners, the practical takeaway is simple. A dog body temp between about 99.5 F and 102.5 F is normal. A reading between 102.5 F and 103 F is borderline and worth rechecking. A reading above 103 F is a fever until proven otherwise. ### Why Dogs Run Hotter Than People Dogs are a different species with a different metabolic rate and a different surface-area-to-volume ratio, especially in small breeds. Their core temperature is set higher, and their normal range is wider than the narrow human band most owners are used to. This is why a dog at 101.5 F is perfectly well while a person at 101.5 F has a fever. Body temperature in dogs is not a single fixed number. It is a regulated set point that moves slightly through the day, rises with exercise and excitement, and falls during rest and sleep. A single reading is a snapshot. Trends matter more than any one number. ### Normal Dog Temperature by Size Size changes the range in a modest but real way. Toy and small breeds tend to run at the higher end of normal, and some healthy toy dogs sit comfortably at 102 F or slightly above without any illness. Large and giant breeds tend to run at the lower end, with some healthy individuals sitting near 99.5 to 100 F. This pattern is partly about body size and heat retention and partly about the practical difficulty of measuring very small patients accurately. A toy breed with a reading of 102.4 F who is bright, eating, and playful is usually fine. The same reading in a lethargic dog of any size deserves attention. Puppies are a separate case. Neonatal puppies do not regulate their body temperature the way adults do, and their normal range is lower and shifts as they grow [4]. If you are caring for a newborn litter, follow your veterinarian's guidance on temperature targets rather than applying adult numbers. ### Normal Average Dog Temperature and Daily Variation The average dog temperature in a clinical population is about 38.6 C (101.5 F) [3]. Individual dogs vary around that average, and the same dog varies across the day. A study of clinically healthy dogs measured in a hospital environment found that rectal temperature can fluctuate by about 0.7 C (roughly 1.3 F) from day to day from random variation alone [5]. That is a useful number for owners who check temperatures repeatedly. A change of half a degree between two readings is usually noise, not a signal. Time of day, recent activity, ambient temperature, and stress all nudge the number. A dog who just ran to the door, got excited about a visitor, or spent twenty minutes in a hot car will read higher than a dog who has been resting in a cool room. ## How to Measure a Dog's Temperature Rectal measurement is the standard for a reason. It reflects core body temperature more reliably than any surface method, and it is the method against which every other technique is compared. ### What You Need - A digital rectal thermometer designed for pets or a standard digital thermometer with a flexible tip - A water-based lubricant such as petroleum jelly or a water-soluble gel - A helper if your dog is large, wiggly, or anxious - Treats and a calm, quiet space Do not use a glass mercury thermometer. Do not use a human ear thermometer or a forehead thermometer. Those devices are calibrated for human anatomy and human temperature ranges, and they do not give reliable dog readings. ### Step-by-Step Rectal Measurement 1. Label the thermometer. Keep a dedicated pet thermometer and never use it on a person afterward. 2. Turn the thermometer on and wait for it to be ready. Most digital units show a ready signal or a blank screen that changes to a reading. 3. Apply a generous amount of water-based lubricant to the tip. 4. Position your dog standing or lying on their side. Standing is usually easiest. Have a helper hold the head and front of the body if needed. 5. Lift the tail gently and insert the lubricated tip into the rectum about 1 to 2 cm (roughly half an inch to one inch). For a large dog, a slightly deeper insertion is fine. For a toy breed, stay at the shallow end. 6. Angle the thermometer slightly toward the spine so it follows the natural curve of the rectum. Do not force it. If you meet resistance, stop and reposition. 7. Hold the thermometer in place until it beeps. This usually takes under a minute on a digital unit. 8. Remove the thermometer, read the display, and clean the thermometer with soap and water or an alcohol wipe. 9. Record the number, the time, and what your dog was doing beforehand. If your dog strains, cries, or shows pain during insertion, stop. Anal gland problems, rectal inflammation, and other conditions can make the procedure painful, and that itself is information your veterinarian needs. ### Tips for a Calm, Accurate Reading - Practice handling the tail and rear end gently before you ever need a real measurement. - Measure when your dog is calm and has been resting, not right after a walk or a game. - Take the reading in a comfortable room, not outdoors in the heat. - If the first reading seems off, wait a few minutes and repeat rather than measuring repeatedly in quick succession. - Write down the number. A single reading in isolation is far less useful than a small log your vet can review. ### Why Ear and Human Thermometers Are Unreliable Aural (ear) thermometers are popular because they are fast and non-invasive, but the evidence does not support using them as a substitute for rectal measurement. In a study of 152 dogs presenting to an emergency room, aural temperatures were significantly lower than rectal temperatures, and the relationship between the two was only moderate [6]. In a larger case series of 300 dogs, the correlation between rectal and aural temperatures looked strong on paper, but the Bland-Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.3 C with limits of agreement from about -0.6 C to +1.2 C. That spread exceeds the clinically acceptable margin of 0.3 C established by expert opinion, which means an ear reading can be off by more than a degree in either direction [7]. A separate study comparing a predictive rectal thermometer, a veterinary infrared auricular thermometer, and a subcutaneous microchip against a true core measurement found that variability between duplicate measurements was greatest for the auricular thermometer [8]. In other words, the same device on the same dog can give different answers moments apart. Other surface methods fare no better. A study comparing rectal temperature with gingival, ocular, and metacarpal pad temperatures in 97 healthy dogs found that these alternative sites were not comparable with rectal readings. Even the best-performing alternative, gingival temperature, agreed within 0.5 C only about two-thirds of the time [9]. Corneal infrared thermometry correlated poorly with rectal measurement and had unsatisfactory agreement for classifying dogs as low, normal, or high [10]. Touching a dog's nose tells you almost nothing. In a study of 100 dogs presenting to an emergency room, there was no correlation between nose temperature and rectal temperature, and tactile assessment of a warm nose had a sensitivity of only 29.4 percent for detecting actual hyperthermia [11]. A cold, wet nose is not proof of health, and a warm, dry nose is not proof of fever. Ocular thermography, which uses a thermal camera aimed at the eye, performs similarly to rectal thermometry for detecting abnormal temperature in a shelter population, but both tests had low sensitivity in that setting, meaning a normal reading does not rule out an abnormal core temperature [12]. A follow-up field study found that eye temperature rises by only about 0.6 C for every 1 C rise in rectal temperature, and readings drift with repeated measurement [13]. These tools are useful for research and for trends, not for diagnosing fever at home. The bottom line for owners is this. If you need to know whether your dog has a fever, use a rectal digital thermometer. Everything else is an estimate at best. ## What Counts as a Fever in Dogs A rectal temperature above 39.5 C (103 F) is generally considered a fever. This threshold is used in clinical research and in veterinary practice. In a study of canine influenza, all symptomatic dogs developed body temperatures above 39.5 C, with a geometric mean of 39.86 C [14]. That gives you a sense of what a genuine infectious fever looks like in a dog. A reading above 40 C (104 F) is a different category. This is the point at which you should call a veterinarian rather than watch and wait. Sustained temperatures at this level, and especially temperatures that keep climbing, carry real risk. ### Fever vs. Hyperthermia vs. Heat Stroke These three terms describe different problems, and they need different responses. Fever is a regulated rise in the body's temperature set point, usually driven by infection, inflammation, or immune activation. The dog's body has decided to run hotter. Hyperthermia is an unregulated rise. The body is not trying to be hot. It cannot shed heat fast enough. Exercise, hot environments, and certain drugs cause hyperthermia. Heat stroke is severe hyperthermia with organ dysfunction. It is a true emergency. This distinction matters because the treatment is different. A fever is managed by treating the underlying cause. Hyperthermia is managed by cooling the dog and removing the trigger. Exercise is a common cause of high readings. In trained canicross dogs, rectal temperature rose significantly after training bouts compared with resting values [15]. In working dogs across three field trials, rectal temperature increased significantly after certain activities [16]. In a study of canicross races, post-race tympanic temperatures ranged from 37.0 C to 42.5 C, and the proportion of dogs developing exercise-induced hyperthermia rose as environmental heat stress increased [17]. A dog who has just finished a hard run can easily read above 103 F without being sick. If your dog has been resting in a cool room for 30 minutes and still reads above 103 F, that is a fever until proven otherwise. If your dog just finished sprinting in the park on a warm day, cool them down, let them rest, and recheck. ### Signs That Accompany a Fever A number alone is not the whole picture. Fever in dogs often comes with: - Lethargy or reduced responsiveness - Reduced appetite or refusal to eat - Vomiting or diarrhea - Shivering or trembling - Panting that seems out of proportion to the situation - Warm ears and paws, though this is unreliable - Stiffness or reluctance to move - Hiding or seeking solitude Some dogs with a mild fever look almost normal. Others with a modest fever look quite unwell. The dog's overall condition matters as much as the number on the thermometer. ### When a High Reading Is Not a Fever Not every high reading means illness. Common benign causes of an elevated temperature include: - Recent vigorous exercise - Hot weather or a hot car - Excitement, stress, or fear, especially at the vet clinic - Recent vaccination - A recent seizure - Certain medications A dog who is bright, eating, drinking, and behaving normally with a reading of 103 F may simply need a recheck after 30 minutes of rest. A dog who is dull, off food, or vomiting at the same reading needs veterinary attention. ## Causes of Fever in Dogs Fever is a symptom, not a diagnosis. The underlying cause can sit in almost any body system. ### Infectious Causes Infections are the most common cause of genuine fever in dogs. These include viral infections such as canine influenza, bacterial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and infected wounds, and tick-borne diseases such as ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Canine influenza is a well-documented example, with fever above 39.5 C in symptomatic dogs and viral shedding that peaks during the fever period [14]. ### Inflammatory and Immune Causes Immune-mediated diseases, inflammatory conditions of the joints, gut, or other organs, and certain cancers can all produce fever. These are often diagnosed only after infectious causes have been ruled out. ### Environmental and Exercise-Related Causes Heat stroke and exertional hyperthermia are not true fevers, but they present with high temperatures and can look identical to an owner. Exercise-induced hyperthermia is common in working and sporting dogs, and ambient conditions strongly influence how high the temperature climbs [17][18]. ### Drug and Toxin-Related Causes Some medications and toxins can raise or lower body temperature. As one example, high doses of cannabis oils containing THC caused significant hypothermia in a controlled study of dogs, showing that drug effects on temperature can go in either direction [19]. This is a reminder that any recent exposure to medication, human drugs, or toxins is relevant information for your veterinarian. ### Other Causes Pain, seizures, certain endocrine diseases, and reactions to vaccines or blood products can all shift body temperature. In many fever cases, the cause is found only after a structured diagnostic workup. ## Risk Factors for Abnormal Temperature Several factors make abnormal temperature more likely or more dangerous. **Size.** Toy breeds run slightly higher at baseline and lose heat faster. Giant breeds run slightly lower and can overheat quickly during exercise. **Coat and conformation.** Brachycephalic dogs (flat-faced breeds such as pugs and bulldogs) have less efficient cooling and are at higher risk in heat. Heavy coats trap heat. **Age.** Very young puppies do not regulate temperature well [4]. Older dogs may have blunted fever responses and may show subtler signs. **Activity level.** Working, sporting, and highly active dogs are at higher risk of exercise-induced hyperthermia [15][16][17]. **Environment.** High ambient temperature and humidity raise the risk of heat-related illness, and environmental conditions are a significant driver of post-exercise temperature in dogs [17][18]. **Underlying disease.** Dogs with heart disease, respiratory disease, or obesity have reduced heat tolerance. ## How Veterinarians Evaluate a Dog with a Fever Your veterinarian will start with a full history and physical examination. They will want to know how long the temperature has been elevated, what other signs you have seen, whether your dog has been exposed to other animals, whether there has been any travel, tick exposure, or recent vaccination, and what medications your dog is taking. ### Physical Examination The exam focuses on finding a source. Your vet will check the mouth, ears, eyes, skin, lymph nodes, abdomen, joints, and rectal area. They will listen to the heart and lungs and assess hydration and pain. ### Diagnostic Testing Depending on the findings, your veterinarian may recommend: - Complete blood count and chemistry panel - Urinalysis and urine culture - Blood cultures if a bloodstream infection is suspected - Tick-borne disease testing - Chest and abdominal imaging - Specific tests for infectious diseases based on exposure history - Joint taps or other targeted sampling if immune-mediated disease is suspected The goal is to identify a treatable cause rather than to treat the number itself. ### Measuring Temperature Correctly in the Clinic Veterinary teams use rectal digital thermometers as the standard. They are aware that stress and recent activity can raise a reading, so they often recheck after a period of rest. They also know that a single normal reading does not rule out serious illness, because a dog's temperature can fluctuate and because some measurement methods miss abnormalities [12]. ## Managing a Dog with a Fever The right approach depends on the cause and on how sick the dog is. ### Cooling a Dog with Hyperthermia If the high temperature is from heat or exercise rather than infection, cooling is the priority. Research on working dogs with exercise-induced hyperthermia found that voluntary head dunking in cool water produced the fastest cooling and was the only method that prevented the initial post-exercise temperature rise, compared with neck ice packs, wet neck towels, and wet axillary towels [20]. All methods eventually returned dogs to baseline, but speed matters in heat injury. A separate field study of canicross dogs found that active cooling methods and avoiding immediate confinement in vehicles were associated with better post-exercise temperature reduction, and no dogs developed hypothermia from any cooling method used [18]. Practical cooling steps for a hot dog with a normal mental status: 1. Move the dog to a shaded, ventilated area. 2. Apply cool (not ice-cold) water to the head, neck, and body. 3. Offer small amounts of water to drink. 4. Use a fan or moving air if available. 5. Recheck the rectal temperature every few minutes. 6. Stop active cooling once the temperature approaches 39.5 C (103 F) to avoid overshooting into hypothermia. 7. Call your veterinarian. If the dog is confused, collapsing, having seizures, or unable to stand, this is a heat stroke emergency. Cool the dog while you arrange transport, and tell the clinic you are coming. ### What Not to Do - Do not give human fever medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. These are toxic to dogs. - Do not use ice baths or ice packs directly on the skin for prolonged periods. - Do not force a vomiting or obtunded dog to drink. - Do not assume a high reading is harmless because your dog "seems fine." - Do not rely on a nose check, an ear thermometer, or a forehead thermometer to make decisions. ### Treating the Underlying Cause If the fever is infectious, treatment targets the infection. If it is immune-mediated, treatment targets the immune system. If it is caused by a toxin or drug, treatment focuses on removing the exposure and supporting the dog. Antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, and other medications are chosen by your veterinarian based on the diagnosis, the dog's weight, and the dog's overall health. Dosing is not something to manage at home. ### Supportive Care at Home For a dog with a mild fever who is otherwise stable and under veterinary care, home support usually means: - A quiet, cool, comfortable resting space - Easy access to fresh water - Small, frequent, bland meals if your vet approves - Careful monitoring of appetite, energy, urination, and bowel movements - Rechecking the temperature as directed - Keeping a written log of readings and signs ## Prevention You cannot prevent every fever, but you can reduce risk. **Manage heat exposure.** Avoid exercising your dog in the heat of the day. Watch ambient temperature and humidity. Provide shade and water at all times. Never leave a dog in a parked car. **Condition working and sporting dogs.** Fitness helps, but it does not eliminate heat risk. Plan cooling and rest into any strenuous activity [18]. **Keep vaccinations and parasite prevention current.** Many infectious causes of fever are preventable. Follow your veterinarian's schedule. **Check for ticks after outdoor activity.** Tick-borne diseases are a common cause of fever in dogs in many regions. **Know your dog's baseline.** If you have measured your dog's normal temperature once or twice when they were healthy, you will recognize an abnormal reading much faster. **Act early on warning signs.** Lethargy, vomiting, and reduced appetite often appear before or alongside a fever. Early veterinary assessment usually means simpler treatment. ## Emergency Red Flags Call a veterinarian immediately if your dog has any of the following: - Rectal temperature above 40 C (104 F) - Rectal temperature above 39.5 C (103 F) that persists after 30 minutes of rest in a cool environment - Collapse, weakness, or inability to stand - Confusion, disorientation, or seizures - Heavy panting that does not settle with rest - Vomiting or diarrhea, especially with blood - Refusal to eat or drink for more than 24 hours - Signs of severe pain - A fever in a very young puppy or a dog with a chronic illness - Any temperature below 37.2 C (99 F) with lethargy or weakness, which can indicate hypothermia and serious illness ## Limitations and When to Contact a Veterinarian This article describes general principles. Every dog is an individual, and a temperature reading is only one piece of the picture. A normal reading does not rule out serious illness, and a mildly high reading does not always mean an emergency. Your veterinarian is the only person who can examine your dog, interpret the reading in context, and decide what testing or treatment is needed. Contact your veterinarian promptly if your dog has a temperature above 39.5 C (103 F) that does not settle with rest, if your dog has a temperature above 40 C (104 F) at any point, if your dog is lethargic, vomiting, or not eating, or if you are simply unsure. When in doubt, call. A phone call is cheap. A delayed heat stroke or untreated infection is not. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is a normal temperature for a dog? A normal rectal temperature in dogs is about 37.5 to 39.2 C (99.5 to 102.5 F). Toy and small breeds may run slightly higher, and large breeds slightly lower. ### Is 102.5 F a fever in dogs? No. 102.5 F sits at the top of the normal range. A fever is generally defined as above 39.5 C (103 F). Recheck after your dog has rested in a cool room. ### Can I use a human ear thermometer on my dog? No. Ear thermometers are unreliable in dogs and can be off by more than a degree. Use a rectal digital thermometer for an accurate reading. ### How far do I insert a dog thermometer? Insert the lubricated tip about 1 to 2 cm (roughly half an inch to one inch) into the rectum, angling slightly toward the spine. Hold it until the thermometer beeps. ### What temperature is an emergency for a dog? Above 40 C (104 F) is an emergency. Call your veterinarian immediately, and cool your dog with cool water while you arrange transport. ### Can exercise make my dog's temperature high? Yes. Hard exercise can push a dog's temperature well above normal, especially in warm conditions. Let your dog rest in a cool place for 30 minutes and recheck. ### Does a warm, dry nose mean my dog has a fever? No. Nose temperature does not correlate with rectal temperature, and a warm nose is a poor predictor of fever. Use a rectal thermometer instead. ### When should I take my dog to the vet for a fever? Call your vet if the temperature is above 39.5 C (103 F) and does not settle with rest, if it is above 40 C (104 F), or if your dog is lethargic, vomiting, collapsing, or not eating. ```mermaid flowchart TD A[Measure rectal temperature] --> B{Reading above 39.5 C} B -->|No| C[Likely normal] B -->|Yes| D{Reading above 40 C} D -->|Yes| E[Call vet now] D -->|No| F{Other signs present} F -->|Yes| G[Call vet] F -->|No| H[Rest in cool area] H --> I[Recheck in 30 minutes] I --> J{Still above 39.5 C} J -->|Yes| G J -->|No| K[Monitor at home] ``` ## Related Articles - [Melting Temperature of DNA: Definition, Factors, and Measurement](/knowledge/molecular-biology/melting-temp-of-dna) - [Fast-Reading Veterinary Digital Thermometers: Flexible Tips, Temperature Ranges, and Fever Triage](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/at-home-diagnostics/digital-pet-thermometer-rectal-fast) - [How to Safely Check Your Cat's Temperature at Home: What's Normal and What's Not](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/vet-visit-decisions/how-to-safely-check-cats-temperature-at-home) - [Average peer review time by field](/blog/research-skills/how-long-does-peer-review-really-take-a-field-by-field-breakdown-for-life-scientists) - [What Is a Vet Visit Cost for a Dog? Average Prices and Factors](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/online-vet-and-care-costs/vet-visit-cost-dog) - [How Much Does a Vet Visit Cost for a Cat? Average Prices and Factors](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/online-vet-and-care-costs/cat-vet-visit-cost) ## Sources 1. [Table: Normal Rectal Temperature Ranges-Merck Veterinary Manual](https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/normal-rectal-temperature-ranges) 2. [Taking Your Pet's Temperature - VCA Animal Hospitals](https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/taking-your-pets-temperature) 3. [Calculation of a Reference Interval for Rectal Temperature in Adult Dogs Presenting for Veterinary Care Using an Algorithm for Mixed Data.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38998082/) 4. [Table: Normal Rectal Temperature of Neonatal Dogs and Cats-Merck Veterinary Manual](https://www.merckvetmanual.com/multimedia/table/normal-rectal-temperature-of-neonatal-dogs-and-cats) 5. [Estimates of components of variance of the rectal temperature in clinically healthy dogs in a hospital environment.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7653109/) 6. [Comparison of Aural and Rectal Temperature in Dogs Presenting to an Emergency Room.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37525756/) 7. [Comparison of auricular and rectal temperature measurement in normothermic, hypothermic, and hyperthermic dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24518943/) 8. [Comparison of three methods of temperature measurement in hypothermic, euthermic, and hyperthermic dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17571987/) 9. [The agreement of rectal temperature with gingival, ocular and metacarpal pad temperatures in clinically healthy dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34890521/) 10. [Measurement of body temperature in 300 dogs with a novel noncontact infrared thermometer on the cornea in comparison to a standard rectal digital thermometer.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25854787/) 11. [The accuracy of tactile assessment of canine nose temperature to identify rectal hyperthermia and hypothermia in dogs presenting on an emergency basis.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34248265/) 12. [Ocular thermography and rectal thermometry show similar diagnostic performance for detecting abnormal body temperature in dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42409076/) 13. [Evaluation of thermal camera measurement stability and factors associated with infrared eye temperature in dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42273262/) 14. [Association between nasal shedding and fever that influenza A (H3N2) induces in dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205327/) 15. [The Effect of Two Acute Bouts of Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters, and Rectal Temperature in Trained Canicross Dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35359677/) 16. [Changes in Pulse Rate, Respiratory Rate and Rectal Temperature in Working Dogs before and after Three Different Field Trials.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340191/) 17. [Investigating factors affecting the body temperature of dogs competing in cross country (canicross) races in the UK.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29496012/) 18. [Post-exercise management of exertional hyperthermia in dogs participating in dog sport (canicross) events in the UK.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38518416/) 19. [Cumulative Effects of Cannabis Oils on Body Temperature, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Telemetered Dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42131827/) 20. [Voluntary head dunking after exercise-induced hyperthermia rapidly reduces core body temperature in dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39293468/)