# Lop-Eared Bunny Care: Breeds, Ears, and Health A lop-eared bunny is a rabbit whose pinnae, the two flaps of cartilage that make up the outer ear, hang down beside the head instead of standing upright. That single change in ear carriage is the defining feature of every lop-eared rabbit breed, and it is also the source of most of the health problems these rabbits face. Dropped pinnae narrow the ear canal, reduce airflow through it, and trap wax, debris, and moisture. The result is a rabbit that is more likely than an erect-eared rabbit to develop otitis externa and otitis media, and more likely to develop dental disease as well [1][2][3]. This article covers the main lop-eared [rabbit breeds](/knowledge/animal-farming/rabbits/rabbit-breeds-for-meat-and-fur-production-a-comparative-selection-guide) by adult size, explains what floppy ears do to the ear canal, and gives a practical care plan for housing, diet, ear checks, and dental monitoring. It is written for owners in the United States who want to do right by a rabbit with long ears. This article is educational and is not a substitute for veterinary diagnosis or treatment. ## At a Glance: Lop-Eared Bunny Care Checklist | Care area | What to do | Why it matters | |--|--|--| | Housing floor | Solid, flat flooring with soft bedding. No wire mesh. | Wire floors injure hocks and do not support natural resting behavior. | | Litter and bedding | Paper-based or wood-pellet litter, plus a resting mat. | Keeps the ear canal and perineal area dry. | | Hay | Grass hay available at all times, refreshed daily. | Supports tooth wear, gut motility, and normal droppings. | | Pellets | Measured portion of plain grass-hay-based pellets. | Prevents obesity and overgrowth of molar teeth. | | Greens | A small daily portion of rabbit-safe leafy greens. | Adds moisture and variety without replacing hay. | | Ear check | Look inside both ears once a week with a light. | Catches discharge, redness, wax, and odor early. | | Dental check | Ask your veterinarian to examine incisors and molars at every visit. | Lop rabbits have higher rates of incisor and molar disease [3]. | | Nail trim | Every 4 to 6 weeks, or as needed. | Overgrown nails are the single most common disorder recorded in UK pet rabbits [4]. | | Weight check | Weigh monthly on a kitchen scale. | Early weight loss or gain signals diet or dental problems. | | Veterinary visit | At least once a year, more often if any warning sign appears. | Ear and dental disease progress quietly in rabbits. | ## What Makes a Lop-Eared Bunny Different The word "lop" describes ear carriage, not a single breed. A lop-eared rabbit is any rabbit whose pinnae are permanently dropped rather than erect. In the United Kingdom, lop-eared rabbits made up 57 percent of rabbits with recorded ear carriage in one large primary-care cohort, which means floppy ears are now more common than upright ears among pet rabbits [4]. The anatomy behind that drop is the reason lop-eared rabbits need different care. In a normal erect ear, the pinna acts as a funnel. Air moves freely through the ear canal, wax migrates outward, and the canal stays relatively dry. When the pinna drops, the opening of the ear canal points downward and inward. The canal becomes narrower, ventilation drops, and the environment inside becomes warm and humid. A field study of 435 pedigree rabbits examined with an otoscope found that lop-eared rabbits had higher scores and higher odds for 9 of 11 ear abnormalities tested, including abnormal ear canal color, ear canal stenosis, and multiple types of aural discharge [2]. That is the central fact of lop-eared rabbit care. The ear shape itself is the risk factor. Everything else in this article, from housing to diet to how you check the ears, is built around managing that risk. ## Lop-Eared Rabbit Breeds by Size Lop-eared rabbit breeds are usually grouped by adult body weight. Size matters for care because heavier rabbits carry more body mass, and heavier breeds have shown higher risks of some ear abnormalities in pedigree populations [2]. The four breeds below are the ones most owners in the United States will encounter. ### Mini Lop The Mini Lop is a medium-small breed with a compact, muscular body and thick, well-furred ears that hang close to the cheeks. Adult weight is roughly 2.5 to 3 kg. Mini Lops are active and generally hardy, but their ear canals are still narrowed by the dropped pinna, so routine ear checks matter just as much as they do in larger lops. ### Holland Lop The Holland Lop is the smallest common lop breed, with a short, stocky body and a rounded head. Adult weight is roughly 1.5 to 2 kg. Because Holland Lops are small and often described as brachycephalic (short-headed), they sit in a conformation group that has been linked to tear duct abnormalities and other health problems in pet rabbits [4]. Their small size makes them appealing to first-time owners, but it does not make them low-maintenance. ### French Lop The French Lop is a large, heavy-boned breed with thick ears and a broad head. Adult weight is roughly 4.5 to 6.5 kg. Larger body mass increases the load on the joints and makes obesity a real risk if pellets are not measured. Heavier breeds in one pedigree study had higher risks of some ear abnormalities [2]. ### English Lop The English Lop is the largest and most extreme lop breed. Its pinnae are exceptionally long and hang well below the jawline. Adult weight is roughly 4.5 to 6.5 kg or more. The very long ear canal combined with the dropped pinna creates the least ventilated ear environment of any common breed, and English Lops are frequently represented in clinical case series of rabbits treated surgically for ear disease [5]. ### Breed Comparison Table | Breed | Adult weight (kg) | Ear carriage | Key health risk | |--|--|--|--| | Holland Lop | 1.5 to 2 | Short, thick pinnae dropped tight to the head | Brachycephalic conformation linked to tear duct abnormality [4] | | Mini Lop | 2.5 to 3 | Thick, rounded pinnae dropped beside the cheeks | Otitis externa from reduced ear canal ventilation [1][2] | | French Lop | 4.5 to 6.5 | Long, thick pinnae dropped below the jaw | Obesity and heavier-breed ear abnormalities [2] | | English Lop | 4.5 to 6.5 or more | Very long pinnae dropped well below the jaw | Severe otitis externa and otitis media [5][6] | Any rabbit with floppy ears, purebred or mixed, carries the same ear canal anatomy. A bunny with floppy ears from a shelter needs the same ear and dental monitoring as a pedigreed show rabbit. ## Why Dropped Ears Raise Disease Risk ### Narrowed ear canal and reduced ventilation When the pinna drops, the ear canal narrows and the opening faces downward. Air exchange inside the canal falls. Wax and shed skin cells cannot migrate out as easily. In a pedigree field study, lop-eared rabbits had significantly higher odds of ear canal stenosis, abnormal ear canal color, and aural discharge than erect-eared rabbits [2]. A separate rescue-population study found lop-eared rabbits had more frequent ear canal stenosis, higher cerumen scores, higher erythema scores, and more frequent pain responses during ear examination [3]. ### Otitis externa Otitis externa is inflammation of the outer ear canal. In rabbits it often presents as a soft-tissue-filled external ear canal, with wax, discharge, or crusted debris visible on otoscopy. In a survey of 551 UK rabbit owners, 28.5 percent of rabbits had reportedly experienced ear conditions and 21.2 percent had a condition diagnosed or mentioned by a veterinarian, with otitis and excess cerumen the most common findings. About 25 percent of lop-eared rabbits had an ear condition indicated by a veterinarian compared with about 10 percent of erect-eared rabbits [1]. ### Otitis media and otitis interna Otitis media is infection or inflammation of the middle ear, and otitis interna involves the inner ear. These are the conditions that produce head tilt and balance loss. In a UK case series of 73 rabbits with head tilt, otitis media or interna and Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection were the two most common causes, and a prior diagnosis of otitis externa significantly increased the risk of middle ear disease [7]. Lop-eared rabbits are predisposed to middle ear disease because the external canal problem feeds the deeper problem [8][6]. ### Aural hematoma An aural hematoma is a pocket of blood between the cartilage and skin of the pinna, usually caused by vigorous head shaking or scratching. Rabbits with painful ear disease scratch and shake more, so aural hematomas tend to appear alongside otitis. A floppy ear that swings during head shaking puts more mechanical stress on the pinna than a rigid upright ear. Any swelling or fluid-filled pocket on the ear flap needs same-week veterinary attention. ### Ear mites and ear canker Ear canker is caused by Psoroptes mites. A recent molecular study confirmed [Psoroptes ovis](/knowledge/parasites/livestock-parasites/psoroptes-ovis) as the cause of crusty otitis and thick grayish-white debris in the ear canal of a domestic rabbit [9]. Ear mites produce heavy crusting, intense itching, and head shaking, and they are far easier to treat early than after the canal fills with debris. ### Fungal and yeast involvement Malassezia yeasts are normal residents of the rabbit ear canal. A study of the external ear canal mycobiome found Malassezia was the most abundant fungal genus in healthy rabbit ears, with Malassezia phylotype 131 and Malassezia cuniculi the main sequences detected [10]. That study found no difference between lop-eared and erect-eared rabbits, which tells you something useful: yeast is not the primary problem in lops. The primary problem is the anatomy that lets yeast and bacteria overgrow. An experimental rabbit otitis model using a drug-resistant Malassezia strain from dogs showed that fungal otitis can progress rapidly with characteristic clinical signs and no spontaneous recovery [11]. ### Dental disease and tear duct problems Lop-eared rabbits are also more likely to have dental problems. A rescue-population study found significantly more frequent incisor pathology, molar overgrowth, molar sharpness, molar spurs, and history of veterinary dental treatment in lop-eared rabbits compared with erect-eared rabbits, with large effect sizes [3]. In a large UK cohort of 162,107 rabbits, lop-eared rabbits had higher odds of tear duct abnormality and perineal fecal impaction than erect-eared rabbits [4]. The link is skull shape. Many lop breeds are brachycephalic, with a shortened skull and crowded tooth roots. Crowded roots push on the tear ducts and on the roots of the molars, which is why a floppy-eared rabbit with watery eyes may actually have a dental problem. ## Warning Signs That Need Veterinary Attention Ear disease in rabbits is easy to miss because rabbits hide pain. The following signs should prompt a veterinary appointment. - Head tilt, where the head is held persistently rotated to one side - Nystagmus, a rhythmic flicking of the eyes - Scratching at one or both ears, or pawing at the head - Head shaking - Discharge from the ear canal, including wax, pus, or crusted debris - Odor from the ear - Redness or swelling inside the ear canal - Swelling or a fluid pocket on the ear flap - Reduced response to sound - Reduced binky behavior, the joy jump that healthy rabbits perform - Reluctance to eat, dropping food, or weight loss - Watery or crusty eyes on one or both sides - Unsteady walking or circling The owner survey data support these signs as meaningful. Rabbits reported as showing ear pain responses had reduced owner-reported quality of life. Rabbits with ear problems were less likely to respond to relevant sounds and performed binky behavior less often than rabbits without ear problems [1]. If your rabbit has stopped binkying or no longer turns toward a treat bag being shaken, that is a real clinical signal. ## Housing a Lop-Eared Bunny ### Flooring Use solid, flat flooring. Wire mesh floors are not acceptable for any rabbit and are especially harmful for heavy lop breeds, because the wire concentrates pressure on the hocks and the toes. Provide a resting mat or a low-sided litter box with soft bedding so the rabbit can choose a cushioned surface. A rabbit that spends most of its time on hard flooring is at risk of sore hocks. ### Space and layout Rabbits need room to hop, stretch, and stand upright. A cage sold as a "rabbit cage" is usually too small for a permanent home. Most owners in one survey kept rabbits cage-free indoors, and that is the better model where it is possible [12]. If you use an enclosure, it should be a base, not a full-time home, with daily supervised time outside it. Include a hide box, a litter area, and a water source. ### Litter and moisture control Choose paper-based or wood-pellet litter that absorbs moisture. Avoid pine and cedar shavings, which are strongly aromatic. Change soiled litter daily. A dry environment matters more for lop-eared rabbits than for erect-eared rabbits because moisture in the ear canal is a direct contributor to otitis externa. If your rabbit's ear flaps get wet during drinking, grooming, or play, dry them gently with a soft cloth. ### Temperature and ventilation Keep the enclosure out of direct sun and away from drafts. Good room ventilation helps keep the ear canal dry. Do not place the enclosure next to a humidifier, a bathroom door, or a kitchen where steam collects. ### Ear-safe enrichment Provide chew-safe toys, tunnels, and cardboard to shred. Avoid toys with sharp edges that could catch an ear flap. Long-eared rabbits can drag a pinna through food bowls, water bowls, and litter, so use shallow, wide bowls and check the ear flaps after meals. ### Bonding and company Rabbits are social. A single rabbit needs significant daily human interaction, and a bonded pair is often better for welfare. In one survey, about 65 percent of rabbits living with other rabbits never fought, which supports the general practice of bonded companionship when introductions are done carefully [12]. ## Feeding a Lop-Eared Bunny Diet is the most powerful tool you have for preventing dental disease in a floppy-eared rabbit. The same diet that keeps the gut moving also keeps the teeth worn down. ### Grass hay at all times Grass hay should be available every hour of every day. Timothy, orchard grass, and meadow hay are all suitable. Hay is abrasive enough to wear the continuously growing cheek teeth, and its fiber drives gut motility. In one survey of rabbit owners, hay was the primary food for 75 percent of rabbits [12]. That is the target. A rabbit should eat a pile of hay roughly the size of its own body each day. ### Measured pellets Pellets are a supplement, not a staple. Choose a plain, grass-hay-based pellet with no added seeds, nuts, dried fruit, or colored pieces. Measure the portion rather than free-feeding. Obesity was recorded in 8.82 percent of rabbits in a large UK cohort, and overgrown molars in 14.90 percent, so both overfeeding and under-chewing are common problems [4]. Your veterinarian can set a portion size based on your rabbit's weight and body condition. ### Leafy greens Offer a small daily portion of rabbit-safe leafy greens such as romaine, cilantro, parsley, and dandelion greens. Introduce new greens one at a time so you can identify anything that causes soft droppings. Wash greens and serve them wet to add water intake. ### Water Provide fresh water in both a bowl and a bottle if your rabbit will use both. A bowl is generally easier to drink from and encourages higher intake. Check the bowl several times a day in warm weather. ### Treats Keep treats to small pieces of rabbit-safe vegetables or fruit, given rarely. Sugary commercial treats and seed sticks undermine the hay-first diet and contribute to obesity and dental disease. ### Why diet matters more in lops Because lop-eared rabbits are predisposed to incisor pathology, molar overgrowth, and molar spurs [3], every feeding decision either supports tooth wear or works against it. Hay does the work. Pellets and treats do not. ## Ear Care Routine for Floppy-Eared Rabbits ### Weekly ear inspection Once a week, sit with your rabbit in good light and look into each ear canal. A small penlight is enough. You are checking for discharge, redness, swelling, crusting, odor, and asymmetry between the two ears. Note anything abnormal in a notebook or phone so you can describe changes to your veterinarian. ### What normal looks like A healthy rabbit ear canal is pale pink and mostly clean, with a small amount of light wax. A small amount of Malassezia yeast is normal in the rabbit ear canal [10]. Do not try to make the ear sterile. ### What abnormal looks like Abnormal findings include thick brown or gray debris, yellow or green discharge, a strong odor, deep redness, swelling, a narrowed or closed canal, and a visible fluid pocket on the ear flap. Any of these warrants a veterinary visit. ### Cleaning Do not insert cotton swabs into the ear canal. Do not pour anything into the ear canal unless your veterinarian has prescribed it for your rabbit. If the pinna is soiled, wipe the visible outer surface with a soft, damp cloth and dry it. Cleaning solutions and ear drops are prescription decisions, not owner decisions, because the rabbit ear canal is delicate and the eardrum sits close to the surface. ### Handling the long ears Support the ear flaps when you pick up your rabbit so they do not swing or catch on objects. Never lift a rabbit by the ears. Never pull on an ear flap to look inside. If your rabbit resists ear examination, stop and try again later, or ask your veterinarian to demonstrate a low-stress hold. ### Nail trims Overgrown nails were the most common disorder recorded in a large UK pet rabbit cohort, affecting 28.19 percent of rabbits [4]. Long nails change how a rabbit stands and can contribute to sore hocks and joint strain. Trim nails every 4 to 6 weeks, or ask your veterinary team to do it. ## Dental Care and Tear Duct Monitoring ### Why lop rabbits need dental checks Lop-eared rabbits had significantly more incisor pathology, molar overgrowth, molar sharpness, molar spurs, and history of veterinary dental treatment than erect-eared rabbits in a rescue-population study [3]. Many lop breeds are also brachycephalic, and in a large UK cohort, brachycephalic rabbits had higher odds of tear duct abnormality than mesaticephalic rabbits [4]. Lop-eared rabbits specifically had higher odds of tear duct abnormality than erect-eared rabbits [4]. ### What to watch for at home - Dropping food while eating - Eating slowly or chewing on one side - Reduced hay intake - Weight loss - Excessive salivation or a wet chin - Watery or crusty eyes - Swelling along the jawline - Reduced grooming ### What your veterinarian checks At every wellness visit, ask for a full oral examination. Rabbits need their incisors and molars assessed with an otoscope or a speculum, and many rabbits need light sedation for a complete look at the back of the mouth. Ask your veterinarian to document the findings so you can track changes over time. If your rabbit has watery eyes, ask whether the tear ducts should be evaluated as part of the same visit. ## Understanding Ear Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Ear disease in rabbits is staged by how deep it goes: external canal, middle ear, or inner ear. A grading system based on CT imaging has been developed to classify the severity of middle ear disease in rabbits, with grades from I (mild) to IV (severe), and it showed strong agreement between reviewers [8]. CT is the most reliable imaging method for identifying middle ear disease in rabbits, and a high proportion of rabbits in that study were scanned conscious, which reduces anesthetic risk [8]. Treatment depends on the structures involved. Medical management alone rarely leads to complete resolution of deeper ear disease in rabbits [6]. When the external canal is filled with soft tissue and the middle ear is involved, surgical options such as lateral ear canal ablation or partial ear canal ablation with or without bulla osteotomy have been described, and these procedures have produced favorable outcomes in most rabbits in published case series [5][13][14]. A clinical case series of 42 rabbits with otitis media found that otitis externa resolved in all lop-eared rabbits after surgery, and head tilt improved or stabilized in 83 percent of cases [15]. Another series of 26 rabbits treated with partial ear canal ablation without bulla osteotomy reported resolution of clinical signs in 92 percent of cases [13]. The takeaway for owners is not to memorize procedures. It is to understand that ear disease in a lop-eared rabbit is often a deep problem, not a surface one, and that early veterinary involvement gives your rabbit the best range of options. ## Common Mistakes Owners Make - Waiting to see if ear discharge clears on its own. It usually does not, and deeper disease can develop. - Using over-the-counter ear drops made for dogs or cats. Rabbit ear anatomy and drug sensitivities differ, and some ingredients are unsafe. - Cleaning the ear canal with cotton swabs. This pushes debris deeper and can injure the canal. - Free-feeding pellets. This is a direct route to obesity and dental disease. - Skipping hay because the rabbit "prefers" pellets. Hay is the foundation of the diet, not an optional extra. - Keeping a rabbit on wire flooring. This causes hock and foot damage. - Ignoring a mild head tilt. Head tilt in rabbits is a serious sign and needs prompt evaluation. - Assuming a watery eye is just allergies. In lop rabbits, tear duct problems often trace back to dental disease [4]. - Skipping annual veterinary visits because the rabbit "seems fine." Rabbits mask illness well, and ear and dental disease are often advanced before owners notice. - Buying a lop because the ears are cute without planning for the extra care. Lop-eared rabbits had higher odds of ear and dental disease in multiple studies [1][2][3][4]. ## Welfare and Ethics of Lop Conformation The evidence on lop-eared rabbits raises a real welfare question. A rescue-population study concluded that lop-eared rabbits were at increased risk of aural and dental pathology, and that this brings into debate the ethics of breeding and buying lop-eared rabbits, because they are more likely to suffer conditions that negatively impact welfare, including pain and potentially deafness and difficulty eating [3]. A pedigree field study reached a similar conclusion, finding lop-eared rabbits significantly predisposed to ear abnormalities suggestive of otitis externa [2]. If you already have a lop-eared rabbit, this information is not a reason for guilt. It is a reason for a stronger care routine. If you are choosing a rabbit, understand that you are choosing a breed type with predictable health risks, and budget time and money for ear and dental care accordingly. ## Limitations and When to Contact a Veterinarian This article is educational and is not a substitute for veterinary diagnosis or treatment. Every rabbit is an individual, and only a veterinarian who examines your rabbit can determine what is happening in its ears, mouth, and tear ducts. Contact a veterinarian promptly if your rabbit shows any of the following: - Head tilt, nystagmus, circling, or loss of balance - Discharge, crusting, or a strong odor from either ear - Redness, swelling, or a narrowed ear canal - A fluid-filled swelling on the ear flap - Scratching at the ears that does not stop - Reduced response to sound - Reduced or absent binky behavior - Dropping food, drooling, or a wet chin - Watery or crusty eyes that persist more than a day or two - Weight loss or a sudden change in appetite - Reduced or abnormal droppings - Any rabbit that stops eating for more than a few hours Rabbits that stop eating can deteriorate quickly. Treat a rabbit that has not eaten in 12 hours as an urgent case. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### Do all lop-eared rabbits get ear infections? No, but the risk is much higher than in erect-eared rabbits. In one survey, about 25 percent of lop-eared rabbits had an ear condition indicated by a veterinarian compared with about 10 percent of erect-eared rabbits [1]. ### What is the best diet for a lop-eared bunny? Grass hay available at all times, a measured portion of plain grass-hay-based pellets, and a small daily serving of rabbit-safe leafy greens. Hay is the most important part because it wears the teeth and supports gut motility. ### How often should I check my lop rabbit's ears? Once a week with a penlight. Look for discharge, redness, swelling, crusting, and odor. Check more often if your rabbit has a history of ear problems. ### Can I clean my lop-eared rabbit's ears at home? Wipe only the visible outer surface of the pinna with a soft damp cloth. Do not insert anything into the ear canal and do not use ear drops unless your veterinarian prescribed them for your rabbit. ### Why does my lop rabbit have watery eyes? Watery eyes in lop-eared rabbits are often linked to tear duct problems, and lop-eared rabbits had higher odds of tear duct abnormality than erect-eared rabbits in a large UK cohort [4]. Dental disease can also affect the tear ducts, so ask your veterinarian to examine both the eyes and the teeth. ### Is head tilt in a rabbit an emergency? Yes. Head tilt can be caused by middle or inner ear disease or by Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection, the two most common causes in a UK case series [7]. Contact a veterinarian the same day. ### Are lop-eared rabbits brachycephalic? Many lop breeds are brachycephalic, meaning they have a shortened skull. In a large UK cohort, brachycephalic rabbits had higher odds of tear duct abnormality than rabbits with a longer skull shape [4]. ### Are long-eared rabbits harder to care for than upright-eared rabbits? Yes, in specific ways. Lop-eared rabbits need more frequent ear checks, more attention to dental health, and a housing setup that keeps the ear canal dry. The daily routine is similar, but the monitoring is more intensive. ## Related Articles - [Rabbit Grooming: Coat, Nail, and Ear Care for Different Breeds](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/small-mammal-care/rabbit-grooming-coat-nail-and-ear-care-for-different-breeds) - [Symptoms Of Ear Infection In Bunnies](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/symptom-guides/symptoms-of-ear-infection-in-bunnies) - [Hairless Cat: Care, Health, and Breed Guide](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/symptom-guides/hairless-cat-care-health) - [Netherland Dwarf Rabbit: Breed Profile and Care Essentials](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/small-mammal-care/netherland-dwarf-rabbit-breed-profile-and-care-essentials) - [Understanding Rabbit Behavior: Body Language and Vocalizations](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/small-mammal-care/understanding-rabbit-behavior-body-language-and-vocalizations) - [Red-Eared Slider Turtle Care: Pyramiding & Shell Health Management](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/exotic-small-animals/red-eared-slider-turtle-care-pyramiding-shell-health-management) - [Dutch Lop Rabbits: Care, Diet, and Health Guide](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/small-mammal-care/dutch-lop-rabbits-care-diet-and-health-guide) - [Bantam Silkies: Breed Care and Health Guide](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/backyard-poultry/bantam-silkies-breed-care-and-health-guide) ## Sources 1. 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[Surgical management of otitis media in pet rabbits by partial ear canal ablation without bulla osteotomy: a retrospective study of 26 cases.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41015061/) 14. [Perioperative complications and outcomes following partial ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in pet rabbits: 20 cases (2009-2021).](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36756788/) 15. [Lateral ear canal resection and bulla osteotomy with marsupialization to treat otitis media in rabbits: forty-eight procedures.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37635342/)