# Can Dogs Eat Fish? Safe Types, Benefits, and Risks Yes, dogs can eat fish. Cooked fish is a genuine protein source for dogs, and a body of nutrition research supports its digestibility. Salmon fillet and pollock fillet both score highly for protein quality in canine assays [1]. Small oily fish such as sardines and mackerel give you the same benefits in a smaller package with less mercury risk. The answer comes with hard conditions. The fish must be cooked. It must be free of bones, garlic, onion, butter, oil, and added salt. It must not be raw. Raw salmon and trout from the Pacific Northwest and parts of South America can carry a fluke that transmits a rickettsial organism called *[Neorickettsia helminthoeca](/knowledge/bacteria/pet-bacteria/neorickettsia-helminthoeca-salmon-poisoning-disease-dogs)*, the cause of salmon poisoning disease, which killed 4 of 29 dogs in one case series [2]. Raw freshwater fish carry other parasites as well. Scombroid fish such as tuna and mackerel can also trigger histamine toxicity when they are not fresh [3]. Cooked fish is therefore a safe food for most dogs. Raw fish is a medical gamble. This guide separates the two, gives you a preparation method, sets a sensible frequency, and explains the mercury and pancreatitis pitfalls that trip up well-meaning owners. ## What Does "Fish" Mean for a Dog's Bowl? Fish is a category, not a single food. The category splits into three groups that behave very differently in a dog's digestive tract. The first group is cooked, boneless, freshwater and marine fish that are low in mercury. This group includes salmon, sardines, mackerel, herring, pollock, cod, and trout. These fish are safe and useful. The second group is raw fish. This group is dangerous for two separate reasons. One reason is the trematode *Nanophyetus salmincola*, which encysts in freshwater fish and carries *Neorickettsia helminthoeca* [3]. The other reason is the broad range of parasites that raw freshwater fish can harbor. The third group is fish that has been processed into a human food product. This group includes smoked, kippered, salted, pickled, canned in oil, or breaded fish. Processing adds salt, smoke, oil, spices, or preservatives. One early report documented salmon poisoning in a dog that had been fed kippered salmon [4]. "Cooked" in the veterinary sense means heated plain fish, not a deli product. Fish also appears in commercial dog food as a protein base and in fish oil supplements. Those routes are outside the scope of table feeding, but they matter because they are a documented source of trace heavy metal exposure in dogs over long periods of time [5]. ## At a Glance Table: Safe vs Risky Fish Choices | Fish or form | Safe for dogs | Why | How to serve | Suggested frequency | |--|--|--|--|--| | Cooked salmon fillet | Yes | High protein quality [1] | Baked or poached plain, deboned, broken into small pieces | 1 to 2 small meals per week | | Cooked sardines in water | Yes | Small oily fish, low mercury position in the food chain | Canned in water only, no salt, drained, mashed | 1 to 2 small meals per week | | Cooked mackerel | Yes | Small oily fish, good protein profile | Baked plain, no salt, no oil | 1 small meal per week | | Cooked herring | Yes | Small oily fish | Baked or steamed plain, deboned | 1 small meal per week | | Cooked cod or pollock | Yes | Very high protein digestibility in canine assays [1] | Steamed or baked plain, flaked by hand | 1 to 2 small meals per week | | Raw salmon or trout | No | Risk of *Neorickettsia helminthoeca* via *Nanophyetus salmincola* [3][6] | Do not feed | Never | | Raw freshwater fish of any species | No | Parasite cysts and fluke larvae [3] | Do not feed | Never | | Fish with bones | No | Esophageal or intestinal obstruction, perforation | Debone completely, including the spine and fin rays | Never | | Smoked, kippered, salted, or pickled fish | No | Salt load and a documented historical case of salmon poisoning from kippered salmon [4] | Do not feed | Never | | Fried or breaded fish | No | Fat load and pancreatitis risk, plus batter and oil | Do not feed | Never | | Large predatory fish such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel | No | Higher position in the food chain means more mercury bioaccumulation [5][7] | Choose small oily fish instead | Never | | Canned tuna in water, unsalted | Occasionally | Lower-tier option, still a larger fish than sardines | Plain, no salt, small amount | Rarely if at all | ## Why Cooked Fish Is a Genuinely Good Protein Fish is not a filler. Two independent assays in the veterinary nutrition literature put fish near the top of protein sources for dogs. An immobilized digestive enzyme assay scored pollock fillet at 0.71 and salmon fillet at 0.64. Chicken breast scored 0.52. Beef loin scored 0.63 and pork loin 0.62. Pollock and salmon fillets carried more crude protein and more total essential amino acids than chicken breast in the same comparison [1]. A cecectomized rooster assay showed the same pattern. Standardized essential amino acid digestibility was greatest for pollock fillet at 90.4 percent and lowest for chicken breast at 86.6 percent and salmon fillet at 87.8 percent [1]. Both fish proteins delivered amino acids efficiently. What this means for an owner is straightforward. When you add plain cooked salmon or pollock to a dog's bowl, you are adding a protein that the canine gut handles well. Fish is not a treat to feel guilty about. It is real nutrition, provided it is prepared correctly. Fish also arrives with fat. Oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, herring, and sardines carry a fat fraction that includes long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. That fat is one reason veterinarians sometimes recommend fish-based diets for dogs with certain inflammatory skin or joint conditions. The same fat is the reason a single large fried or buttery portion can set off a pancreatic flare in a sensitive dog. ## Prepare Fish in Four Steps This is the working method. Follow it every time. 1. Choose a small, low-mercury fish such as salmon, sardines, mackerel, herring, cod, pollock, or trout. 2. Cook it plain. Bake it in a covered dish with a splash of water, poach it in water, steam it, or microwave it in a covered bowl. Use no butter, no oil, no breading, and no seasoning. 3. Debone it completely. Run your fingers through the flesh and check the spine, the fin rays, the gill area, and the base of the tail. A single needle bone can lodge in the esophagus or perforate the bowel. 4. Cool it, then break it into bite-sized pieces. Serve it as a topper or a small side portion, not the entire meal, unless your veterinarian has built the whole recipe around it. For a can of sardines, pour off the water or oil and rinse the fish under running water if the label says "in water, salt added." Mash the fish with a fork so no vertebral column remains. Two or three small sardines are a reasonable addition for a medium-sized dog once or twice a week. ## What Never Goes Into the Fish These ingredients are not negotiable. Leave them out entirely. ### Garlic and onion Garlic and onion damage canine red blood cells. They are poisonous to dogs, and their toxicity is well established in [veterinary toxicology](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/emergency-critical-care/veterinary-toxicology-common-toxins-emergency-management) practice. A fish recipe that starts with onion, garlic, or an "everything" seasoning blend is a poisoning risk, not a meal. ### Butter and oil Fat is the driver of pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas that causes vomiting, abdominal pain, and sometimes life-threatening illness. Cooking fish in butter or in a generous pour of oil concentrates fat in the portion. Fried fish, breaded fish, and fish cooked in a restaurant kitchen all carry this risk. ### Salt Salt is added to smoked, kippered, salted, and pickled fish, and to most canned fish. A plain baked fillet or a can of sardines in water with no added salt are the clean options. When you cannot find a salt-free canned product, do not substitute a salted one. ### Smoke and preservatives Smoked and kippered fish deliver salt and smoking residues. One historical report tied salmon poisoning to a dog that had eaten kippered salmon [4]. Skip the entire category. ## Raw Fish and Salmon Poisoning Disease Salmon poisoning disease is the reason raw fish feeding is a serious error rather than a matter of taste. The disease is caused by *Neorickettsia helminthoeca*, a rickettsial organism carried by the trematode *Nanophyetus salmincola* [3]. The fluke encysts in freshwater fish, most often salmonids, which is the family that includes salmon and trout [3]. When a dog eats raw fish containing the encysted fluke, the fluke releases the organism and the dog becomes ill. The geography matters. Salmon poisoning disease was first recognized in the western United States and later confirmed on southern Vancouver Island in Canada [6]. Cases have also been documented in dogs exposed to raw fish from the West Coast of the United States and from southern Brazil [3]. In the southern Brazil report, the two dogs improved completely within a few days once treatment started early [3]. The clinical picture is fairly consistent. Affected dogs show vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and enlarged lymph nodes [3]. Fever and poor appetite appear in many cases [6]. Laboratory testing typically shows thrombocytopenia, meaning a low platelet count, and hypoalbuminemia, meaning low blood albumin [3]. Some dogs develop neurologic signs including twitching and seizures [2]. Diagnosis rests on two quick and inexpensive tests. Lymph node cytology can show morulae, which are clusters of organisms inside macrophages, consistent with *N. helminthoeca* [3]. Fecal parasitology can find ova of *N. salmincola* [3]. A combination of centrifugation fecal flotation and sedimentation gave the greatest sensitivity for finding fluke eggs in one case series, and PCR amplified *N. helminthoeca* DNA from 4 of 10 dogs tested [2]. Treatment works when it starts early. Chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline with fluid therapy produced recovery in an early case series [6]. The newer case report noted complete remission of clinical signs within a few days after early treatment [3]. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and chloramphenicol did not appear effective in the 29-dog series, which is a reminder that the drug choice matters and belongs with a veterinarian [2]. Mortality is real. The 29-dog series reported a mortality rate of 4 out of 29, which is roughly 14 percent [2]. The two-dog report emphasized that the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the greater the chance of survival [3]. A dog in the 29-case series was overrepresented among Labrador Retrievers and intact males, and exposure locations were often far from the dog's home [2]. That pattern reflects dogs that travel, swim in rivers, or encounter fish on outings. The lesson for owners is that raw fish exposure anywhere along the western waterways is enough. ### The fluke can reach a dog without the fish There is an additional wrinkle. Salmon poisoning disease has been transmitted to dogs by *Nanophyetus salmincola* eggs themselves, not only by fish tissue [8]. A dog that eats fluke eggs in contaminated material can become infected. This widens the risk beyond a fish meal. When you are near a waterway where the fluke is endemic, keep dogs from eating raw fish scraps, dead fish, or material from the water's edge. ### Why freezing does not fix it Freezing kills some parasites. It does not remove the fluke that transmits *N. helminthoeca* from the discussion, because the organism is carried by the trematode and the disease is transmitted by ingestion of the encysted fluke stage [3]. The reliable safety step is heat. Cook the fish. ## Bone Removal: The Obstruction Risk Fish bones are finer and sharper than most people expect. A single needle bone swallowed whole can lodge in the esophagus, puncture the lining, or travel into the intestine and perforate it. An esophageal foreign body from a fish bone is a surgical emergency in the making. The risk is highest with whole fish, fish heads, fish tails, and canned fish that still contains the vertebral column. It is also present in fillets, because pin bones remain even in carefully cut fillets. Debone by hand, in bright light, before the fish reaches the bowl. Feel the flesh between your fingers. Remove the spine, the ribs, the fin rays, and the pin bones near the head end of the fillet. When you are not certain the fish is bone-free, do not serve it. ## Mercury and Heavy Metals in Fish Mercury bioaccumulates. A small fish eats plankton, a larger fish eats many small fish, and a top predator eats many larger fish. Mercury concentrates at each step. That is why position in the food chain matters more than total fish intake. A study of 51 commercial dry dog foods found that fish-based diets had significantly higher arsenic, cadmium, and mercury content than poultry-based or red meat-based diets, with a p value below 0.01 [5]. That is a statistically robust difference. The same study noted that total arsenic and heavy metal consumption is higher in dogs than in humans on a calorie basis, while also concluding that chronic toxic exposure levels are highly unlikely in dogs eating commercial food [5]. A second study evaluated total mercury and methylmercury in 24 commercial canine diets, including salmon-containing and non-salmon-containing products. Total mercury was detected in 3 of 24 diets, or 12.5 percent. Two of those three did not contain any fish ingredients. The single salmon-containing diet that tested positive for total mercury had the lowest total mercury level of the three, and it was the only sample positive for methylmercury [7]. The authors applied the measured concentrations to theoretical chronic exposure calculations for dogs of two body weights and assessed toxicosis risk [7]. A third study, this one on canine hair, found that total mercury content correlated with consumption of feed containing fish [9]. How to turn this into a kitchen decision. Small oily fish sit low on the food chain and accumulate less mercury. Sardines, herring, and mackerel are the routine choices. Salmon is a reasonable fish for most dogs in normal table-feeding amounts. Large predatory fish such as shark, swordfish, and king mackerel sit high on the food chain and should not be fed. Frequency matters too. A small portion once or twice a week keeps the total dose low. If your dog already eats a fish-based commercial diet every day, that is a long-term exposure pattern that a veterinarian can help you weigh. The commercial diet study found fish-based diets carried more mercury than other categories, while also finding chronic toxic levels unlikely [5]. That is a conversation about total diet composition, not a single fish meal. ## Fish Allergy and Cross-Reactivity Fish allergy in dogs is uncommon but real, and it has an unusual twist. A study of 53 archived canine sera found that 28 percent had elevated IgE against chicken, 23 percent against white fish (haddock and cod), and 49 percent against salmon [10]. Seven sera that reacted to all three were studied further. Reciprocal inhibition assays showed more than 50 percent inhibition between chicken and fish in seven of seven dogs, between chicken and salmon in four of seven, and between fish and salmon in five of seven [10]. Immunoblotting identified multiple IgE-binding proteins of identical molecular weight across the three extracts, and those proteins were partially to fully cross-reactive by inhibition immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified nine cross-reactive proteins including pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, alpha-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-enolase, aldolase, and others [10]. The practical implication is this. A dog with a diagnosed chicken allergy may also react to fish, and a dog with a fish allergy may also react to chicken. The clinical form is usually itchy skin and sometimes gastrointestinal upset. If your dog develops itching, hives, facial swelling, vomiting, or diarrhea after eating fish, stop the fish and contact your veterinarian. A dog that has never eaten fish should be given a small test portion the first time, not a full meal. ## Pancreatitis and Oily or Fried Preparations Pancreatitis is the second major hazard after pathogens and bones. Oily fish and fried fish both deliver a fat load that can overwhelm a dog's pancreas. The highest-risk preparations are fried fish, breaded fish, fish cooked in butter, fish packed in oil, and large portions of any oil-rich fish. A small piece of plain baked salmon is a very different digestive event from a plate of fish and chips. Signs to watch for after a fatty fish meal include repeated vomiting, a hunched posture, abdominal pain when you touch the belly, loss of appetite, and lethargy. These signs warrant a veterinary visit the same day. Dogs with a history of pancreatitis, dogs with known pancreas or gallbladder disease, and dogs that have reacted badly to fatty foods before should not be given oily fish at all without a veterinarian's approval. ## How Much Fish and How Often There is no universal gram dose that applies to every dog, and a table-feeding portion should always stay a minority of the daily calorie intake unless a veterinarian has formulated the whole diet. Use these working guidelines. For a small dog under 20 pounds, one to two tablespoons of flaked cooked fish as a topper, once or twice a week. For a medium dog between 20 and 50 pounds, two to four tablespoons of flaked cooked fish, once or twice a week. For a large dog over 50 pounds, a quarter to a half cup of flaked cooked fish, once or twice a week. Start at the low end. Watch the stool for the next 24 to 48 hours. If the stool stays normal and the dog is comfortable, you can keep the fish in rotation at that amount. If stool softens or the dog vomits, stop and talk to your veterinarian. Keep the total amount of oily fish low. Sardines and mackerel are rich. Two or three small sardines per week for a medium dog is a reasonable rhythm. ## Common Mistakes to Avoid Feeding raw salmon as a treat because it looks like sushi. This is the single most dangerous mistake. The fluke that carries *N. helminthoeca* encysts in freshwater salmonids, and salmon poisoning disease has a documented mortality rate of roughly 14 percent in a 29-dog series [3][2]. Leaving bones in canned fish. Many owners assume canned fish is safe because it is soft. The vertebral column in a can of sardines is still a foreign body risk. Mash and inspect. Using canned fish packed in oil, brine, or with added salt. Oil adds fat, and brine adds salt. Look for "in water, no salt added." Adding garlic for flavor. Garlic is toxic to dogs. Assuming smoked fish is cooked fish. Smoking is not the same as cooking, and a historical case of salmon poisoning involved kippered salmon [4]. Feeding tuna as a routine protein. Tuna is a larger predatory fish with a higher mercury position in the food chain. Sardines are the better routine choice. Serving a large portion the first time. A large first portion combines allergy risk, fat load, and a sudden protein change. Start small. Traveling to the West Coast and letting the dog scavenge fish scraps at the water's edge. The fluke can be transmitted by eggs as well as by fish tissue [8]. Keep dogs away from dead fish and fish scraps. ## Feeding Fish to Dogs with Medical Conditions Dogs with kidney disease, heart disease, food allergies, or a history of pancreatitis may need a specific protein and mineral plan. Fish is often useful in these cases, but the portion, the type of fish, and the frequency need to be set by the veterinarian managing the case. Dogs on a prescription diet should not have table fish added without approval. The added protein, fat, sodium, and phosphorus change the diet's nutrient profile, and the prescribing veterinarian needs to know what is going into the bowl. Dogs with a known fish allergy should avoid all fish, including fish oil and fish-based treats. Dogs with a history of calcium oxalate stones, struvite stones, or other urinary conditions need a veterinarian's input before any table food is added. ## A Simple Decision Path The following flowchart shows how to decide whether a piece of fish is safe to offer. ```mermaid flowchart TD A[Fish offered to dog] --> B{Is it raw} B -->|Yes| C[Do not feed] B -->|No| D{Is it cooked plain} D -->|No| E[Do not feed] D -->|Yes| F{Any bones left} F -->|Yes| G[Debone completely] F -->|No| H{Any garlic onion butter oil or salt} H -->|Yes| E H -->|No| I{Large predatory fish} I -->|Yes| J[Choose small oily fish instead] I -->|No| K[Offer a small portion] K --> L[Watch stool appetite and skin for 48 hours] L --> M{Any vomiting diarrhea or itching} M -->|Yes| N[Stop fish and call vet] M -->|No| O[Keep in weekly rotation] ``` ## Welfare and Safety Points for the Whole Household Raw fish is a risk to people as well as to dogs. Raw fish and raw fish scraps carry parasites and bacteria that can cause human illness. Handle raw fish on a separate cutting board, wash your hands and the board with hot soapy water, and keep raw fish away from surfaces where you prepare human food. The fluke that causes salmon poisoning disease is a canine disease, but the general hygiene rules for raw fish handling apply to the whole kitchen. Fish bones are also a household hazard. A bone that falls on the floor during preparation is a hazard for any dog in the home, not just the one you intended to feed. Work over a lidded bin, and check the floor before you leave the kitchen. Do not leave a fish meal sitting out. Warm cooked fish spoils quickly. Refrigerate leftovers promptly and discard fish that has been at room temperature for more than two hours. When you travel to a region where salmon poisoning disease is endemic, keep your dog on a leash near waterways and prevent scavenging of dead fish or fish parts. The disease has been reported in dogs on southern Vancouver Island, which was not previously considered an endemic area, showing that the geographic range can shift [6]. Dogs can also be exposed far from home, since exposure locations in one case series were often distant from the dog's residence [2]. ## Limitations and When to Contact a Veterinarian This article is educational and is not a substitute for veterinary diagnosis or treatment. Every dog is an individual, and a diet plan for one dog may be wrong for another. Contact a veterinarian promptly in these situations. Your dog ate raw salmon, raw trout, or any raw freshwater fish. Call the same day, even if the dog looks normal. Early treatment improves the chance of survival in salmon poisoning disease [3]. Your dog has vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, fever, or enlarged lymph nodes after any fish exposure. These are the cardinal signs of salmon poisoning disease, and lymph node cytology plus fecal parasitology can be done quickly and inexpensively to make the diagnosis [3]. Your dog is retching, gagging, drooling, or pawing at the mouth after eating fish. This suggests a bone is lodged in the esophagus. Go to a veterinary hospital immediately. Your dog has a swollen abdomen, repeated vomiting, a hunched posture, or severe pain after a fatty fish meal. Pancreatitis is a possibility. Your dog develops itching, hives, facial swelling, or difficulty breathing after eating fish. This is a possible allergic reaction, and breathing difficulty is an emergency. Your dog has a known fish allergy, a history of pancreatitis, or a prescription diet and you want to add fish. Ask the veterinarian who manages the case first. Your dog has eaten a large predatory fish such as shark or swordfish, or has been eating fish daily for a long period. Discuss total mercury exposure with your veterinarian [5][7]. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### Can dogs eat fish? Yes. Cooked, boneless fish is a safe and nutritionally useful food for most dogs. Salmon fillet and pollock fillet both score well for protein digestibility in canine assays [1]. Raw fish is a different matter and should not be fed. ### Can dogs have fish every day? Small amounts of plain cooked fish can be part of a balanced diet, but a daily large portion of oily fish is not ideal. Mercury accumulates with repeated exposure, and fish-based commercial diets have tested higher for arsenic, cadmium, and mercury than poultry or red meat diets [5]. Keep table fish to a small portion once or twice a week unless a veterinarian has formulated the diet. ### Can a dog eat fish meat with bones in it? No. Fish bones can lodge in the esophagus or perforate the intestine. Debone every portion by hand, including canned sardines, before the fish reaches the bowl. ### Why is raw salmon dangerous for dogs? Raw salmon and trout can carry the fluke *Nanophyetus salmincola*, which transmits *Neorickettsia helminthoeca*, the organism that causes salmon poisoning disease [3]. The disease causes vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and lymph node enlargement, and it can be fatal if it is not treated early [3][2]. ### Does cooking kill the salmon poisoning organism? Cooking the fish thoroughly is the reliable safety step. Freezing does not remove the risk, because the disease is transmitted by the encysted fluke stage carried in the fish tissue [3]. Heat the fish all the way through before serving. ### Can dogs eat canned sardines? Yes, if the sardines are packed in water with no added salt, and if you mash and inspect them for bones. Sardines are small oily fish and sit low on the food chain, which makes them a better routine choice than large predatory fish. ### Can dogs eat tuna? Tuna is a larger predatory fish and sits higher on the food chain than sardines or herring. Occasional small amounts of plain tuna in water with no added salt are unlikely to cause harm, but tuna is not a good routine fish for dogs. Choose small oily fish instead. ### What should I do if my dog ate raw fish? Call your veterinarian the same day, even if your dog seems fine. Early diagnosis and treatment give the best chance of survival in salmon poisoning disease [3]. Tell the veterinarian which fish was eaten, where it came from, and when the exposure happened. ## Related Articles - [Can Cats Eat Strawberries? Nutritional Benefits and Risks](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/behavior/can-cats-eat-strawberries-nutritional-benefits-and-risks) - [Can Dogs Eat Strawberries? Safe Portions & Health Benefits](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/toxicology-food-safety/can-dogs-eat-strawberries-safe-portions-health-benefits) - [Can Dogs Eat Broccoli? Isothiocyanate Risks & Safe Cooking](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/toxicology-food-safety/can-dogs-eat-broccoli-isothiocyanate-risks-safe-cooking) - [What Type Of Diet Do Rabbits Have](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/nutrition/what-type-of-diet-do-rabbits-have) - [Can Dogs Eat Watermelon? Safe Portions, Rind and Seed Risks](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/clinical-methods/can-dogs-eat-watermelon) - [Swine Feed Additives: Types and Benefits](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/swine-feed-additives-types-and-benefits) - [Can Dogs Eat Squash? Types, Benefits, and Safety](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/nutrition/can-dogs-eat-squash-types-benefits-and-safety) - [Can Chickens Eat Carrots? Safe Feeding Guide](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/nutrition/can-chickens-eat-carrots-safe-feeding-guide) - [Can Dogs Eat Black Beans? Safe Feeding Guide](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/toxicology-and-food-safety/can-dogs-eat-black-beans-safe-feeding-guide) ## Sources 1. [Protein digestibility evaluations of meat and fish substrates using laboratory, avian, and ileally cannulated dog assays.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20023140/) 2. [Salmon poisoning disease in dogs: 29 cases.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20337917/) 3. [Salmon poisoning disease in dogs: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36475066/) 4. [Salmon poisoning in a dog fed Kippered salmon.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5761377/) 5. [Evaluation of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury Contamination in Over-the-Counter Available Dry Dog Foods With Different Animal Ingredients (Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish).](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30410919/) 6. [Salmon poisoning disease in dogs on southern vancouver island.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17422349/) 7. [Determination of Total Mercury and Methylmercury Concentrations in Commercial Canine Diets.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31122689/) 8. ["Salmon poisoning" disease. IV. Transmission of the disease to dogs by Nanophyetus salmincola eggs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6068188/) 9. [Total mercury content in canine hair before and after administration of vaccines containing thiomersal.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24362099/) 10. [Serum IgE cross-reactivity between fish and chicken meats in dogs.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30378189/)