# Omeprazole PPI Dose: Stomach Ulcer Dose and Duration Guide ## Key Takeaways - Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is indicated for gastric ulcer treatment in dogs (0.5-1 mg/kg q12-24h), cats (0.5-1 mg/kg q24h), and horses (4 mg/kg q24h), with treatment duration typically 2-4 weeks. - Twice-daily omeprazole dosing in dogs is increasingly recommended for more consistent acid suppression, and tapering is advised after therapy exceeding 4 weeks to prevent rebound hypersecretion. - Omeprazole's efficacy is maximized when administered on an empty stomach, a critical consideration for horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS), prompting interest in alternatives like vonoprazan. - Gastric ulcers stem from an imbalance of aggressive factors (NSAIDs, stress, mast cell tumors) and protective mucosal defenses, necessitating a thorough diagnostic workup including endoscopy. - Long-term omeprazole use carries risks of hypomagnesemia and hypergastrinemia, and potential drug interactions with pH-dependent absorption and cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition. - Rational prescribing dictates omeprazole use for confirmed ulcers, high-risk prophylaxis (e.g., NSAID therapy), or stress-related mucosal damage, avoiding routine use in all hospitalized patients. --- Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) widely used in veterinary medicine to treat and prevent stomach (gastric) ulcers. The standard dose for dogs is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg given once or twice daily, while cats typically receive 0.5 to 1 mg/kg once daily. Horses are commonly dosed at 4 mg/kg once daily. Treatment duration for confirmed gastric ulcers is usually 2 to 4 weeks, with tapering recommended after longer courses to avoid rebound acid hypersecretion. This guide provides a detailed, evidence-based reference for veterinarians and veterinary students on omeprazole dosing, duration, and clinical decision-making for gastric ulcer disease. **Owner Triage Summary:** If your pet is vomiting blood, has black tarry stools, shows signs of abdominal pain, or collapses, seek emergency veterinary care immediately. Do not administer omeprazole without veterinary guidance, as the underlying cause must be diagnosed and the dose calculated based on your pet's weight and condition. ## At a Glance: Omeprazole Dosing for Stomach Ulcers | Species | Standard Dose | Frequency | Duration | Key Notes | |-----|--------|------|-----|------| | [Dog](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/clinical-methods/dog) | 0.5–1 mg/kg | Once to twice daily (q12–24h) | 2–4 weeks for confirmed ulcers | Twice daily dosing is increasingly recommended; taper after ≥4 weeks [1] | | [Cat](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/clinical-methods/cat) | 0.5–1 mg/kg | Once daily (q24h) | 2–4 weeks | Limited data; monitor for adverse effects | | Horse | 4 mg/kg | Once daily (q24h) | 2–4 weeks for EGUS | Must be given on an empty stomach for optimal absorption [2] | | Human (reference) | 20–40 mg | Once daily | 4–8 weeks | Used for comparative pharmacology only | ## Understanding Proton Pump Inhibitors in Veterinary Medicine Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are the most potent acid-suppressing agents available in veterinary practice. They work by irreversibly binding to the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme (the proton pump) in gastric parietal cells, effectively blocking the final step of gastric acid secretion. This mechanism makes them superior to histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) like famotidine for achieving and maintaining intragastric pH above 4, which is critical for ulcer healing [3]. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) published a consensus statement on the rational administration of gastrointestinal protectants in 2018. This statement has significantly influenced prescribing practices, leading to increased use of twice-daily omeprazole dosing and greater attention to appropriate indications and duration of therapy [1]. Studies evaluating prescribing habits before and after this publication show a significant increase in cases receiving omeprazole every 12 hours and more frequent use of tapering protocols after 4 or more weeks of therapy [1]. ### Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action Omeprazole is a weak base that accumulates in the acidic environment of the gastric parietal cell canaliculus. Once activated by acid, it forms a covalent disulfide bond with the proton pump, causing irreversible inhibition. Because the drug only affects actively secreting pumps, maximal acid suppression requires multiple doses over several days to achieve steady-state effect. The clinical implication is that omeprazole should be given before feeding to maximize efficacy. In horses, the need for administration on an empty stomach is a notable limitation, as it complicates treatment protocols for equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) [2]. This has led to interest in alternative acid suppressants like vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), which does not require fasting and may offer more predictable absorption [2]. ## Gastric Ulcer Disease: Causes and Pathophysiology Gastric ulcers in companion animals result from an imbalance between aggressive factors (acid, pepsin, bile acids) and protective mucosal defenses (mucus layer, bicarbonate secretion, rich mucosal blood flow, and prostaglandins). The most common causes include: 1. **Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):** These drugs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins are essential for maintaining mucosal blood flow and mucus production. NSAID-induced ulcers are among the most common presentations in veterinary practice [4]. 2. **Stress-related mucosal damage:** Critically ill patients, those with sepsis, hypotension, or major trauma, are at risk for gastric ulceration due to reduced mucosal perfusion. 3. **Mast cell tumors:** These tumors release histamine, which directly stimulates gastric acid secretion, leading to ulcer formation. 4. **Hepatic disease:** Liver dysfunction can alter gastric blood flow and mucosal integrity. 5. **Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):** Chronic inflammation can compromise mucosal defenses. 6. **Idiopathic or spontaneous ulcers:** Some ulcers have no identifiable cause. ### The Role of Helicobacter pylori In human medicine, *Helicobacter pylori* (H. pylori) infection is a primary cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Eradication therapy typically combines a PPI with antibiotics. High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) with a PPI and amoxicillin has shown promising results, with eradication rates of approximately 82% to 87% in intention-to-treat analyses [5]. While H. pylori is less commonly implicated in canine and feline ulcer disease, it can be found in the stomachs of these species, and similar eradication protocols may be considered in selected cases. ### Comparative Pathology: Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a significant condition in horses, with a high prevalence in performance animals. The pathophysiology involves prolonged exposure of the squamous mucosa to gastric acid, often exacerbated by management practices such as intermittent feeding, high-concentrate diets, and intense exercise. Omeprazole at 4 mg/kg once daily is the standard treatment, but its requirement for administration on an empty stomach can be challenging [2]. Recent research into vonoprazan, a P-CAB, has shown that this newer class may provide similar or superior acid suppression without the fasting requirement, potentially improving treatment compliance and outcomes [2]. ## Veterinary Examination and Diagnostic Approach Before initiating omeprazole therapy, a thorough diagnostic workup is essential to identify the underlying cause of ulceration and rule out other conditions. ### History and Physical Examination Key historical points include: - Current medications, especially NSAIDs or corticosteroids - Recent stressors (hospitalization, surgery, travel) - Appetite changes, vomiting, weight loss - Exposure to toxins or foreign bodies - Previous history of gastrointestinal disease Physical examination may reveal: - Pale mucous membranes (indicating blood loss) - Abdominal pain on palpation - Melena (black, tarry feces) or hematemesis (vomiting blood) - Signs of shock (tachycardia, weak pulses, prolonged capillary refill time) ### Diagnostic Testing 1. **Complete blood count (CBC):** May show anemia, elevated hematocrit in dehydration, or thrombocytopenia. 2. **Serum biochemistry:** Evaluates liver and kidney function, electrolytes, and total protein. 3. **Fecal occult blood testing:** Detects gastrointestinal bleeding. 4. **Abdominal imaging:** Radiographs and ultrasound can identify masses, foreign bodies, or thickening of the gastric wall. 5. **Endoscopy:** The gold standard for diagnosing gastric ulcers. Allows direct visualization, biopsy, and assessment of ulcer severity. 6. **Serum pepsinogen levels (in humans):** Low pepsinogen I levels can indicate chronic atrophic gastritis, a precancerous condition. A PPI challenge test (esomeprazole 40 mg daily for one week) has been proposed to differentiate true atrophic gastritis from functional changes, with a 30% increase from baseline pepsinogen I levels being a useful cut-off [6]. ## Evidence-Based Omeprazole Dosing for Stomach Ulcers ### Dogs The recommended omeprazole dose for dogs is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg. Historically, once-daily dosing was standard, but the 2018 ACVIM consensus statement has shifted practice toward twice-daily (q12h) administration for more consistent acid suppression [1]. Studies show that after publication of the consensus statement, there was a significant increase in the number of dogs receiving omeprazole every 12 hours, reflecting adoption of this more aggressive dosing strategy [1]. For confirmed gastric ulcers, treatment duration is typically 2 to 4 weeks. If therapy extends beyond 4 weeks, a tapering protocol is recommended to prevent rebound acid hypersecretion. The ACVIM statement has also influenced this practice, with significantly more cases undergoing dose tapering after prolonged therapy [1]. **Clinical Pearl:** For NSAID-induced ulcers, omeprazole should be continued for the duration of NSAID therapy plus an additional 2 weeks to ensure complete mucosal healing [4]. ### Cats Feline dosing is less well-established than canine dosing, but 0.5 to 1 mg/kg once daily is commonly used. Cats may be more sensitive to the adverse effects of PPIs, and long-term use should be avoided unless clearly indicated. There is limited published data on twice-daily dosing in cats, and the decision should be made on a case-by-case basis. ### Horses For equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS), omeprazole is dosed at 4 mg/kg once daily. A critical consideration is that omeprazole should be administered on an empty stomach to optimize absorption [2]. This requirement can be problematic in horses that are fed frequently or have access to pasture. The development of vonoprazan, a P-CAB that does not require fasting, may offer an alternative for horses where omeprazole administration is challenging [2]. ### Duration of Therapy: General Principles The duration of omeprazole therapy depends on the underlying condition: | Indication | Recommended Duration | Notes | |------|-----------|----| | Acute NSAID-induced ulcer | 2–4 weeks | Continue while NSAID is administered | | Stress-related mucosal damage | Until risk factors resolve | May be as short as 3–7 days | | Chronic idiopathic ulcer | 4–8 weeks | Requires re-evaluation and possible endoscopy | | Eosinophilic esophagitis (pediatric) | 8–12 weeks | Dose of 1 mg/kg twice daily; reassess by endoscopy [7] | | Prophylaxis (high-risk patients) | Short-term only | Reassess need regularly | For pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, a condition increasingly recognized in veterinary medicine, omeprazole or esomeprazole at 1 mg/kg per dose twice daily for 8 to 12 weeks has shown high response rates, with many patients achieving remission of esophageal eosinophilia [7]. ## Omeprazole Dosing in Special Populations ### Pediatric and Geriatric Patients Young animals may have different drug metabolism profiles, and dose adjustments may be necessary. Geriatric patients often have concurrent diseases and may be on multiple medications, increasing the risk of drug interactions. Close monitoring is essential in these populations. ### Patients with Hepatic or Renal Disease Omeprazole is primarily metabolized by the liver, so hepatic dysfunction may require dose reduction. In renal disease, no significant dose adjustment is usually needed, but monitoring for electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypomagnesemia, is recommended. ### Lactating and Pregnant Animals Data on omeprazole use in pregnant or lactating animals is limited. In human medicine, PPIs are generally considered safe during pregnancy and lactation. A study on pantoprazole (another PPI) in lactating women found that breast milk concentrations were consistently lower than plasma levels and infrequently detectable, suggesting limited transfer to the infant [8]. While this data is for pantoprazole, it provides some reassurance for the class. However, omeprazole should be used in pregnant or lactating animals only when clearly needed and under veterinary supervision. ## Adverse Effects and Safety Considerations While omeprazole is generally well-tolerated, it is not without risks, especially with long-term use. ### Hypomagnesemia PPI use has been associated with hypomagnesemia (low blood magnesium levels). In a randomized placebo-controlled trial in cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, omeprazole use was associated with a modest decrease in serum magnesium levels over time, with a correlation between treatment duration and the degree of decrease [9]. While this study was in humans, it highlights a potential concern for veterinary patients on long-term PPI therapy, particularly those with concurrent diseases or on other medications that affect magnesium levels. ### Drug Interactions Omeprazole can interact with several medications by altering gastric pH or affecting drug metabolism: 1. **pH-dependent drug absorption:** Omeprazole raises gastric pH, which can reduce the absorption of weakly basic drugs. For example, the absorption of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib is severely reduced by omeprazole, with studies showing an 89% reduction in AUC and 96% reduction in Cmax when the drugs are co-administered [10]. Similar interactions may occur with other drugs that require an acidic environment for optimal absorption. 2. **Cytochrome P450 interactions:** Omeprazole inhibits CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, which can increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. A notable example is voriconazole, an antifungal drug. A large cohort study found that omeprazole was the only PPI with a statistically significant association with voriconazole-associated hepatotoxicity, likely due to this metabolic interaction [11]. 3. **Food interactions:** The effect of food on omeprazole absorption is generally minimal, but for drugs that are affected by gastric pH, the timing of omeprazole administration relative to meals can influence the interaction [12]. ### Hypergastrinemia and Long-Term Risks Long-term PPI use leads to hypergastrinemia (elevated gastrin levels), which can cause enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and, in rare cases, gastric polyps or neuroendocrine tumors. To mitigate these risks, some studies have explored alternative dosing strategies. In a rat model, omeprazole administered every other day was as effective as daily dosing in preventing aspirin-induced gastric ulcers, while potentially reducing the rise in gastrin levels [4]. This suggests that alternate-day dosing might be a viable strategy for long-term prophylaxis in some patients, though more research is needed in clinical veterinary patients. ## Rational Prescribing: When Omeprazole Is and Is Not Indicated The ACVIM consensus statement emphasizes the rational use of gastrointestinal protectants to avoid overprescribing. Omeprazole should be reserved for patients with confirmed or strongly suspected gastric ulceration, those at high risk for stress-related mucosal damage, or those requiring prophylaxis during NSAID therapy. Common indications include: - Confirmed gastric or duodenal ulcers (via endoscopy or clinical signs) - Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers in high-risk patients - Stress-related mucosal damage prophylaxis in critically ill patients - Treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (in conjunction with dietary management) [7] - Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refractory to other therapies Inappropriate uses include: - Routine prophylaxis in all hospitalized patients - Long-term therapy without clear indication - Treatment of non-specific gastrointestinal signs without a diagnosis ## Alternative and Adjunctive Therapies ### Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers) Famotidine is an H2 blocker that reduces acid secretion by blocking histamine at the parietal cell. It is less potent than PPIs but may be sufficient for mild cases. A study comparing a dual delayed-release formulation of low-dose esomeprazole (10 mg) to famotidine (20 mg) in healthy subjects found that esomeprazole maintained gastric pH above 4 for a significantly greater percentage of time (47.31% vs. 23.88%) [3]. This suggests that even low-dose PPIs are more effective than standard-dose H2 blockers for acid suppression. ### Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers (P-CABs) Vonoprazan is a newer class of acid suppressant that blocks the proton pump in a reversible, potassium-competitive manner. It offers several advantages over PPIs, including faster onset of action, more predictable absorption (not requiring an empty stomach), and more sustained acid suppression [2]. In human studies, vonoprazan-based dual therapy for H. pylori eradication has shown comparable or superior efficacy to PPI-based regimens [5, 13]. In horses, vonoprazan has demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics and effective increases in intragastric pH, making it a promising alternative to omeprazole for EGUS treatment [2]. ### Acupuncture as an Adjunctive Therapy In human medicine, acupuncture has been studied as an adjunct to PPI therapy for resistant GERD. A randomized controlled trial found that acupuncture combined with standard-dose omeprazole was as effective as double-dose omeprazole in reducing symptoms, with acupuncture showing greater improvement in heartburn and quality of life, while high-dose PPI was more effective for regurgitation and sleep disturbance [14]. While this is not directly applicable to veterinary patients, it suggests that integrative approaches may have a role in managing acid-related disorders. ## Monitoring and Follow-Up Patients on omeprazole therapy should be monitored for: - Clinical response (resolution of vomiting, melena, abdominal pain) - Adverse effects (vomiting, diarrhea, changes in appetite) - Electrolyte imbalances, particularly magnesium, in long-term therapy [9] - Drug interactions if concurrent medications are used [10, 11] For confirmed ulcers, follow-up endoscopy may be recommended after 2 to 4 weeks of therapy to document healing. In cases where clinical signs do not improve, alternative diagnoses or treatment failure should be considered. ## Prevention of Gastric Ulcers Prevention strategies depend on the underlying risk factors: 1. **NSAID use:** When NSAIDs are necessary, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. Consider gastroprotectant prophylaxis with omeprazole in high-risk patients (e.g., geriatric animals, those with a history of ulcers, or those on concurrent corticosteroids) [4]. 2. **Stress reduction:** Minimize stress in hospitalized or performance animals. For horses, management changes such as increased forage intake, reduced concentrate meals, and regular exercise can help prevent EGUS [2]. 3. **Dietary management:** For eosinophilic esophagitis, dietary elimination trials may be necessary in addition to PPI therapy [7]. ## Limitations and When to Contact a Veterinarian This guide provides general dosing information, but individual patient factors can significantly affect treatment decisions. Breed-specific differences in drug metabolism, concurrent diseases, and other medications can all influence the appropriate omeprazole dose and duration. For example, certain dog breeds may have genetic variations in CYP2C19 that affect omeprazole metabolism, but this information cannot be predicted without specific genetic testing. **Contact your veterinarian if:** - Your pet's condition does not improve within 3 to 5 days of starting omeprazole - You observe worsening signs such as increased vomiting, bloody diarrhea, or lethargy - Your pet is on other medications that might interact with omeprazole [10, 11] - Your pet requires omeprazole for more than 4 weeks, as a tapering protocol may be necessary [1] - You are considering over-the-counter omeprazole for your pet without a veterinary diagnosis **Emergency red flags requiring immediate veterinary attention:** - Vomiting large amounts of blood or what looks like coffee grounds - Black, tarry, foul-smelling stools - Severe abdominal pain (praying posture, reluctance to move) - Collapse, pale gums, or signs of shock - In horses, signs of colic ## Frequently Asked Questions ### 1. What is the standard omeprazole dose for a dog with a stomach ulcer? The standard omeprazole dose for a dog with a stomach ulcer is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg given orally once or twice daily, with twice-daily dosing increasingly recommended for more consistent acid suppression [1]. ### 2. How long should a dog take omeprazole for a stomach ulcer? A dog with a confirmed stomach ulcer should take omeprazole for 2 to 4 weeks, and if therapy extends beyond 4 weeks, a tapering protocol is recommended to avoid rebound acid hypersecretion [1]. ### 3. Can I give my cat omeprazole for stomach ulcers? Yes, omeprazole can be given to cats at a dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg once daily, but it should only be used under veterinary supervision after a proper diagnosis. ### 4. What is the omeprazole dose for horses with gastric ulcers? The standard omeprazole dose for horses with gastric ulcers is 4 mg/kg once daily, and it should be administered on an empty stomach for optimal absorption [2]. ### 5. Are there alternatives to omeprazole for treating stomach ulcers in animals? Yes, alternatives include histamine-2 receptor antagonists like famotidine, though they are less potent, and potassium-competitive acid blockers like vonoprazan, which may offer advantages such as not requiring an empty stomach [2, 3]. ### 6. What are the common side effects of omeprazole in pets? Common side effects of omeprazole in pets include vomiting, diarrhea, changes in appetite, and with long-term use, the risk of hypomagnesemia and hypergastrinemia-related changes [4, 9]. ### 7. Can omeprazole interact with other medications my pet is taking? Yes, omeprazole can interact with other medications, particularly by altering gastric pH (affecting drug absorption) or by inhibiting liver enzymes, which can increase levels of drugs like voriconazole [10, 11]. ### 8. Is it safe to use omeprazole long-term for my pet? Long-term omeprazole use is not recommended unless clearly indicated, as it carries risks such as hypomagnesemia and hypergastrinemia; if long-term therapy is necessary, regular monitoring and dose tapering should be implemented [1, 4, 9]. ## Sources [1] [Prevalence and appropriateness of omeprazole prescription in dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital before and after the publication of the ACVIM consensus statement on the rational administration of gastrointestinal protectants.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38774912/) [2] [Vonoprazan pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric pH following administration to fed and fasted horses.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41532453/) [3] [Pharmacodynamics Between a Dual Delayed-Release Formulation of Low-Dose Esomeprazole and Famotidine in Healthy Korean Subjects.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39033046/) [4] [Omeprazole taken once every other day can effectively prevent aspirin-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage in rats.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38811868/) [5] [Comparative efficacy and safety of vonoprazan versus esomeprazole-based high-dose dual therapies for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized controlled trial.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40984972/) [6] [Proton Pump Inhibitor Challenge to Confirm Diagnosis of Atrophic Gastritis of the Stomach: A Proposal.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40843504/) [7] [High prevalence of response to PPI treatment in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis in southern Brazil.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38650863/) [8] [Maternal PPI therapy during lactation: pantoprazole levels in human milk and possible neonatal implications.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42168392/) [9] [Hypomagnesemia Associated with Omeprazole Use in Patients Treated with Platinum Derivatives: An Exploratory Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41938717/) [10] [Severe Impact of Omeprazole Timing on pH-Sensitive Dasatinib Absorption: Unveiling Substantial Drug-Drug Interaction.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39726232/) [11] [Omeprazole is associated with voriconazole-associated hepatotoxicity: PPI-stratified analysis and a clinically actionable nomogram from an 848-patient cohort.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41724365/) [12] [Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Effect of Food and Omeprazole-Induced Gastric pH Change on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Imlunestrant in Healthy Females.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41274826/) [13] [Efficacy and eradication effect of vonoprazan and high-dose amoxicillin dual therapy in CagA(+)VacA(+) Helicobacter pylori infected patients.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40181762/) [14] [Acupuncture provides a safe strategy to minimize proton pump inhibitor dose in resistant gastroesophageal reflux disease: randomized controlled trial.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41609334/) [15] [[Network pharmacology and experimental validation reveal therapeutic mechanism of Yuyang Jianpi Pills for gastric ulcer with spleen-stomach deficiency-cold syndrome by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis via IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway].](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42011617/) [16] [Study of Treatment with Intensified Omeprazole to Prevent High-Output Stoma-A Protocol for a Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label, Superiority Trial in Adults Undergoing Ileostomy (STOP-HOS-1).](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41827257/) ## Related Clinical & Scientific Guides * [Drontal Plus Dewormer: Broad-Spectrum Dose Guide by Weight](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/calculators-clinical-tools/drontal-plus-dewormer-broad-spectrum-dose-guide-by-weight) * [Panacur Fenbendazole Dewormer: Dog Fecal Parasite Treatment Schedule](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/calculators-clinical-tools/panacur-fenbendazole-dewormer-dog-fecal-parasite-treatment-schedule) * [Prednisolone for Cats: Feline Safe Steroid Dose and Autoimmune](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/calculators-clinical-tools/prednisolone-for-cats-feline-safe-steroid-dose-and-autoimmune)