# Show Pig Selection, Feeding, and Fitting ## Key Takeaways - **Structural Soundness is Paramount:** Prioritize pigs with balanced conformation, sound feet and legs, and proper joint movement, as poor structure can lead to lameness and hinder overall performance, irrespective of genetic potential. - **Nutritional Management is Dynamic:** Implement a structured feeding program with measured rations, adjusted weekly based on weight gain and body condition scoring (ideally 3-4 on a 1-5 scale), ensuring adequate protein for muscle development and energy balance. - **Consistent Exercise is Crucial:** Daily exercise sessions of 15-30 minutes, focusing on walking on firm, non-slip surfaces, are essential for developing muscle tone, cardiovascular fitness, and maintaining structural soundness. - **Genomic Selection Informs Breeding:** Understand that modern swine breeding utilizes genomic selection to improve traits like growth rate, muscle development, and structural soundness, making breeder input on genetic background valuable. - **Objective Evaluation Reduces Bias:** Employ a structured scoring system (e.g., a five-trait system weighted for structural soundness, muscle expression, skeletal capacity, breed character, and temperament) to objectively compare pigs and mitigate emotional decision-making. - **Biosecurity and Welfare are Foundational:** Maintain stringent biosecurity measures to prevent disease introduction and prioritize animal welfare through adequate space, clean bedding, fresh water, and calm handling to ensure optimal health and performance. --- This article provides practical guidance for 4-H and FFA members and their parents on selecting, feeding, and fitting show pigs for livestock exhibitions. The content covers breed selection, nutritional management for muscle development and condition, daily exercise protocols, grooming techniques, and show ring presentation strategies. All recommendations are based on established animal science principles and approved sources. ## At a Glance: Show Pig Preparation Overview | Aspect | Key Considerations | Recommended Approach | |--------|-------------------|---------------------| | Breed Selection | Growth rate, muscle structure, skeletal soundness, and breed characteristics | Select pigs with balanced conformation, sound feet and legs, and breed-specific traits that meet show standards | | Feeding Program | Energy balance, protein levels, feed efficiency, and [body condition scoring](/knowledge/animal-farming/farm-management/body-condition-scoring-a-tool-for-feed-management) | Use a structured feeding plan with measured rations adjusted weekly based on weight gain and visual appraisal | | Exercise Routine | Muscle development, cardiovascular fitness, and structural soundness | Implement daily walking or controlled exercise sessions lasting 15 to 30 minutes | | Grooming and Fitting | Hair coat condition, skin health, hoof care, and cleanliness | Establish a daily grooming schedule including washing, brushing, and hoof trimming | | Show Ring Presentation | Handler-animal coordination, stance training, and judge interaction | Practice showmanship techniques at least twice weekly for 10 to 15 minutes per session | ## Breed Selection for Show Pigs ### Understanding Breed Characteristics Show pig selection begins with understanding breed-specific traits that influence performance in the show ring. Common show pig breeds include Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc, Berkshire, and crossbred combinations. Each breed has distinct characteristics that judges evaluate, including body length, muscle depth, skeletal structure, and overall balance. The USDA Agricultural Research Service provides resources on swine genetics and production systems that inform breed selection decisions [1]. When selecting a show pig, evaluate structural soundness first. Observe the pig walking to assess leg placement, joint movement, and overall mobility. Pigs with poor structure will struggle to maintain condition and may develop lameness during the feeding period. The Merck Veterinary Manual offers guidance on evaluating swine conformation and identifying structural issues that affect long-term soundness [3]. ### Evaluating Individual Pigs Individual pig evaluation requires systematic observation of multiple traits. Start by examining the pig from a distance to assess overall balance and proportion. The pig should appear uniform from front to rear, with a level top line and smooth shoulder transitions. Move closer to evaluate muscle expression in the ham, loin, and shoulder areas. Muscle should be firm and well-defined without appearing coarse or overdeveloped. Check the pig's underline for proper teat placement and number. While this matters less for market shows, it indicates overall quality and breeding potential. Examine the pig's head and jaw for correct bite alignment. Undershot or overshot jaws can indicate structural problems that affect feeding efficiency. ### Genetic Considerations Modern swine breeding programs use genomic selection to improve production traits. Research published in Nature Genetics describes a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of a male pig that provides insight into population structure and selection for body stature [7]. This genomic information helps breeders select for traits like growth rate, muscle development, and structural soundness. Genomic selection has shown predicted benefits for pig breeding objectives, according to research in the Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics [10]. When selecting a show pig, ask the breeder about the genetic background and any genomic testing performed on the litter. This information can help predict growth patterns and final market weight. Research on the application of genomic selection in pig cross breeding, published in Yi chuan = Hereditas, provides additional context for understanding how genetic tools can improve breeding outcomes [8]. Selection for sow longevity, documented in the Journal of Animal Science, also informs long-term breeding decisions [9]. ## Feeding for Muscle Development and Condition ### Nutritional Requirements for Show Pigs Show pigs require a carefully balanced diet that supports muscle growth while maintaining appropriate body condition. The feeding program must provide adequate protein for muscle development, energy for growth and activity, and essential vitamins and minerals for overall health. The FAO Animal Production and Health division provides resources on swine nutrition and feeding management [4]. Protein requirements vary by pig weight and stage of development. Growing pigs need higher protein levels to support muscle deposition, while finishing pigs require adjusted ratios to achieve optimal condition without excessive fat. Work with a feed supplier or extension specialist to formulate rations that match your pig's specific needs. ### Feed Management Strategies Implement a consistent feeding schedule with measured amounts at each meal. Most show pigs perform well on two feedings per day, morning and evening. Record the amount of feed offered and any feed refusal at each meal. Adjust rations based on weekly weight gain and visual body condition scoring. Body condition scoring helps determine if the pig is too thin, too fat, or at ideal condition. Use a 1 to 5 scale where 1 is emaciated and 5 is obese. The ideal show pig condition typically falls between 3 and 4, depending on breed standards and judge preferences. Pigs that are too thin lack the muscle expression needed for competition, while overly fat pigs appear soft and lack definition. ### Water and Hydration Clean, fresh water must be available at all times. Pigs consume significant amounts of water daily, especially during hot weather or after exercise. Monitor water intake as changes can indicate health problems. A sudden decrease in water consumption may signal illness or stress. ### Feed Additives and Supplements Some exhibitors use feed additives to enhance growth or improve hair coat condition. Common supplements include vitamins, minerals, and specialized feed products. Always follow label directions and withdrawal periods for any medicated feeds. The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service provides information on swine health regulations that may affect feed additive use [2]. ## Daily Exercise and Conditioning ### Exercise Program Design Regular exercise is essential for developing muscle tone, improving cardiovascular fitness, and maintaining structural soundness. Begin exercise sessions gradually, starting with 10 to 15 minutes daily and increasing to 20 to 30 minutes as the pig's fitness improves. Exercise in the early morning or late evening during hot weather to prevent heat stress. Walking is the primary exercise method for show pigs. Lead the pig on a halter or show stick, maintaining a steady pace that keeps the pig moving forward. Avoid sudden stops or turns that could cause injury. Exercise on firm, non-slip surfaces to protect feet and legs. ### Benefits of Consistent Exercise Consistent exercise helps develop the muscle definition that judges look for in the show ring. Pigs that receive regular exercise show better muscle tone, improved movement, and greater stamina during competition. Exercise also helps maintain proper body condition by burning excess calories that would otherwise be stored as fat. ### Monitoring Exercise Tolerance Watch for signs of fatigue or distress during exercise sessions. Pigs that are breathing heavily, lagging behind, or refusing to move may need shorter sessions or slower paces. Increase exercise duration gradually over several weeks to build fitness safely. ## Grooming and Fitting Techniques ### Daily Grooming Routine Establish a daily grooming routine that includes brushing, washing, and inspecting the pig's skin and hair coat. Use a stiff brush to remove dirt and loose hair, then follow with a soft brush to distribute natural oils. Regular grooming stimulates blood flow to the skin and promotes a healthy, shiny hair coat. Wash the pig weekly with a mild shampoo designed for swine or livestock. Rinse thoroughly to remove all soap residue, which can irritate skin and dull the hair coat. Dry the pig completely after washing, especially during cold weather, to prevent chilling. ### Hoof Care Hoof trimming is an essential part of show pig fitting. Overgrown hooves can cause structural problems and affect the pig's movement in the show ring. Trim hooves every 4 to 6 weeks, or as needed based on growth rate. Use proper hoof trimming tools and techniques to avoid injury. If you are not experienced with hoof trimming, seek guidance from a veterinarian or experienced exhibitor. Improper trimming can cause lameness and permanent structural damage. The Animal Health and Welfare resources from the USDA National Agricultural Library provide information on proper livestock handling and care [5]. ### Hair Coat Management The hair coat is a significant factor in show ring presentation. A healthy, glossy hair coat indicates good nutrition and overall health. Some exhibitors use specialized hair products to enhance shine and manageability. Apply these products according to manufacturer instructions and avoid overuse, which can make the coat appear greasy or unnatural. ### Final Fitting Before Show In the days leading up to the show, increase grooming frequency to ensure the pig looks its best. Wash the pig the day before the show and keep it in clean, dry bedding overnight. Apply any final grooming products on show morning, following label directions carefully. ## Show Ring Presentation ### Handler Preparation Successful show ring presentation requires practice and preparation. Learn the correct showmanship techniques for your breed and class. Practice leading the pig at different speeds, setting up the pig for evaluation, and maintaining eye contact with the judge. Wear appropriate show attire that is clean, neat, and professional. Most shows require exhibitors to wear white shirts, dark pants or jeans, and closed-toe shoes. Check show rules for specific dress code requirements. ### Pig Training for the Show Ring Train the pig to stand correctly for evaluation. The pig should stand square with all four feet placed evenly, head up, and attention forward. Practice setting up the pig repeatedly until it responds consistently to your commands. Teach the pig to move freely on the lead without pulling or lagging. Practice walking in straight lines, circles, and patterns that mimic show ring movements. Reward calm, responsive behavior with praise or a small treat. ### Show Day Management Arrive at the show with plenty of time to settle the pig and complete final preparations. Keep the pig calm and comfortable in its pen, providing water and shade as needed. Avoid overhandling the pig before your class, which can cause stress and fatigue. In the show ring, stay focused on the judge and follow instructions promptly. Present the pig to its best advantage by highlighting its strengths and minimizing any weaknesses. Maintain a positive attitude regardless of the outcome. ## Records and Measurements ### Weight and Growth Records Maintain accurate records of your pig's weight, feed consumption, and growth rate. Weigh the pig weekly using a [livestock scale](/knowledge/animal-farming/alternative-livestock/livestock-scale-selection-installation) or weight tape. Record the date, weight, and any changes in feed or management. Track average daily gain by dividing total weight gain by the number of days between weighings. Compare your pig's growth rate to breed standards and adjust feeding as needed. Pigs that gain too quickly may become overly fat, while slow gainers may not reach market weight in time. ### Health Records Keep detailed health records including vaccinations, treatments, and any health problems. Record dates, products used, dosages, and withdrawal periods. These records are essential for [food safety](/knowledge/bacteria/livestock-bacteria/cooking-chicken-bacteria-prevention) and may be required at shows. The USDA APHIS provides information on swine health regulations and disease monitoring programs [2]. Maintain biosecurity practices to prevent disease introduction, including quarantine of new animals and sanitation of equipment and facilities. ### Feed Records Document feed type, amount offered, and amount consumed at each feeding. Calculate feed efficiency by dividing total feed consumed by total weight gain. Efficient pigs convert feed to muscle more effectively, which is a desirable trait in show animals. ## Common Failure Patterns ### Overconditioning Overconditioning occurs when pigs become too fat, losing muscle definition and appearing soft. This often results from feeding too much energy-dense feed without adequate exercise. Prevent overconditioning by monitoring body condition weekly and adjusting feed amounts accordingly. ### Structural Problems Structural issues such as weak pasterns, straight shoulders, or poor leg placement can develop during the feeding period. These problems may result from genetics, nutrition, or management practices. Address structural concerns early by adjusting exercise, footing, or feeding programs. ### Health Issues Common health problems in show pigs include respiratory infections, lameness, and skin conditions. Monitor pigs daily for signs of illness including lethargy, reduced appetite, coughing, or diarrhea. Consult a veterinarian promptly if health problems arise. Research on selection for resistance to swine mycoplasmal pneumonia over five generations in Landrace pigs, published in Livestock Science, demonstrates that genetic approaches can reduce disease susceptibility [12]. Understanding disease resistance traits can inform breeding and management decisions. ### Poor Show Ring Performance Poor performance in the show ring often results from inadequate training or preparation. Pigs that are not accustomed to handling, leading, or standing for evaluation will perform poorly. Invest time in regular training sessions to build confidence and responsiveness. ## Welfare and Safety Considerations ### Animal Welfare Standards Show pig management must prioritize animal welfare at all times. Provide adequate space, clean bedding, fresh water, and appropriate nutrition. Handle pigs calmly and gently to minimize stress. The USDA National Agricultural Library provides resources on animal health and welfare standards [5]. Avoid practices that cause pain or distress, such as excessive restraint, harsh handling, or withholding feed and water. Follow show rules regarding acceptable grooming and fitting practices. ### Handler Safety Working with show pigs requires attention to handler safety. Pigs can bite, kick, or crush handlers if not handled properly. Learn safe handling techniques and always use appropriate equipment such as show sticks, halters, and panels. Wear sturdy boots with non-slip soles to prevent falls. Keep children supervised when working with pigs. Never turn your back on a pig or place yourself in a position where you could be trapped against a wall or fence. ### Biosecurity Implement biosecurity measures to protect your pig from disease. Limit visitors to your pig facility, clean and disinfect equipment between uses, and isolate new animals before introducing them to your herd. The USDA APHIS provides guidance on swine biosecurity practices [2]. Research on the amplification and selection of PRRSV-activated VDJ repertoires in pigs, published in [Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/veterinary-pathology-microbiology/adaptive-immunity-b-cell-and-t-cell-responses), highlights the importance of understanding immune responses to viral diseases in swine [14]. Biosecurity practices help prevent exposure to pathogens like PRRSV. ## Professional Escalation Criteria ### When to Consult a Veterinarian Consult a veterinarian if your pig shows signs of illness that do not resolve within 24 hours, including fever, reduced appetite, lethargy, diarrhea, or respiratory distress. Seek immediate veterinary care for emergencies such as injury, bloat, or severe lameness. ### When to Seek Expert Advice Seek advice from experienced exhibitors, extension agents, or swine specialists if you encounter problems with feeding, training, or show preparation. These professionals can provide practical solutions based on years of experience. ### When to Reconsider Your Approach If your pig consistently fails to meet growth targets, develops chronic health problems, or shows poor performance in the show ring, reconsider your management approach. Review your records, consult with experts, and make adjustments to feeding, exercise, or training programs. ## Decision Framework for Show Pig Selection: A Structured Scoring System Selecting a show pig from a litter or sale barn requires a repeatable evaluation method that reduces emotional bias and focuses on measurable traits. A structured scoring system helps exhibitors compare multiple pigs objectively and select the individual with the highest potential for show ring success. This framework assigns numerical scores to key traits, weights them by importance, and produces a total score that guides the final selection decision. ### The Five-Trait Scoring System Develop a scoring card that evaluates five core traits on a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 is poor and 5 is excellent. The five traits are structural soundness, muscle expression, skeletal capacity, breed character, and temperament. Each trait receives a weight based on its relative importance for show ring performance. Structural soundness carries the highest weight at 30 percent because poor structure limits all other aspects of performance. Muscle expression and skeletal capacity each receive 25 percent weight. Breed character receives 12 percent weight, and temperament receives 8 percent weight. To use the system, evaluate each pig individually and assign a score for each trait. Multiply the score by the trait weight, then sum the weighted scores to produce a total score out of 100. Compare total scores across pigs to identify the strongest candidate. This system works best when multiple pigs are available for evaluation, but it also helps confirm a decision when only one or two pigs are under consideration. ### Applying the Scoring System in Practice Begin by observing all pigs in the litter or group from a distance of 10 to 15 feet. Watch each pig walk freely in its pen to assess natural movement and structural alignment. Note any pigs that move stiffly, cross their legs, or show uneven stride length. These observations inform the structural soundness score. Approach each pig individually for closer evaluation. Run your hand along the pig's top line to feel for smooth transitions between shoulder, mid-section, and ham. Assess muscle expression by feeling the depth and firmness of the loin, the width and shape of the ham, and the smoothness of the shoulder. Pigs with excellent muscle expression show firm, well-defined muscle that feels dense to the touch without appearing coarse or lumpy. Evaluate skeletal capacity by assessing body length, rib shape, and overall frame size. A pig with good skeletal capacity has a long body, deep rib cage, and adequate width between the legs. The pig should appear balanced from front to rear, with no single section appearing disproportionately large or small. Breed character evaluation depends on the specific breed standards for your show. For Hampshire pigs, look for a wide white belt that completely encircles the body. For Berkshire pigs, evaluate the six white points and overall black color. For Duroc pigs, assess the red color intensity and ear shape. For Yorkshire pigs, evaluate ear carriage and overall white color. Crossbred pigs receive a breed character score based on how well they represent the [dominant](/blog/careers/dominant-definition-biology) breed in their cross. Temperament evaluation occurs during handling. A pig that remains calm when approached, stands quietly for evaluation, and moves willingly on a lead scores higher than a pig that is flighty, aggressive, or difficult to handle. Temperament is weighted lower than other traits because it can improve with training, but a pig with extremely poor temperament may never become show ring ready. ### Record Keeping for Selection Decisions Create a selection scorecard for each pig evaluated. Record the date, pig identification number or ear tag, and scores for each of the five traits. Include notes about any specific observations such as hoof quality, underline development, or unusual markings. Keep these records for future reference to track which selection criteria produce the best show ring results over multiple years. A sample scorecard entry might look like this: Pig ID 342, evaluated June 15, structural soundness score 4, muscle expression score 5, skeletal capacity score 4, breed character score 3, temperament score 4. Weighted calculation: (4 x 0.30) plus (5 x 0.25) plus (4 x 0.25) plus (3 x 0.12) plus (4 x 0.08) equals 1.20 plus 1.25 plus 1.00 plus 0.36 plus 0.32 equals 4.13 out of 5, or 82.6 out of 100. ### Common Scoring Errors and How to Avoid Them The most common error in using a scoring system is allowing one strong trait to overshadow weaknesses in other areas. A pig with excellent muscle expression but poor structural soundness will likely develop lameness during the feeding period and perform poorly in the show ring. The weighted scoring system prevents this by requiring high scores across multiple traits for a strong total. Another common error is scoring based on potential instead of current observation. Score what you see today, not what you hope the pig will become. Pigs change during the feeding period, but structural issues and temperament problems rarely improve significantly. Muscle expression and skeletal capacity can improve with proper nutrition and exercise, but the foundation must be present at selection. Evaluating pigs in poor lighting or on uneven ground leads to inaccurate scores. Always evaluate pigs in good lighting on a level, non-slip surface. If the pig is dirty or wet, clean it before evaluation to see true muscle expression and structural alignment. ### When to Override the Scoring System The scoring system provides a structured decision framework, but experienced exhibitors may override the scores in specific situations. If a pig has a known genetic background that includes superior growth rate or carcass quality, this information may justify selecting a pig with a slightly lower total score. Research on the predicted benefits of genomic selection on pig breeding objectives, published in the Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, supports using genetic information to inform selection decisions [10]. If a pig has a documented health history or vaccination record that indicates superior disease resistance, this may also justify overriding the scoring system. Research on selection for resistance to swine mycoplasmal pneumonia over five generations in Landrace pigs, published in Livestock Science, demonstrates that genetic resistance to disease is a heritable trait worth considering [12]. Override decisions should be documented with specific reasons in your records. If you select a pig with a lower total score based on genetic information, note the source of that information and how it influenced your decision. This documentation helps you evaluate the accuracy of your override decisions in future years. ### Integrating the Scoring System with Breeder Input Breeders often have detailed knowledge of their pigs that is not visible during a brief evaluation. Ask the breeder about birth weight, weaning weight, growth rate within the litter, and any health issues. Ask about the sire and dam, including their show ring performance and structural soundness. Research on the application of genomic selection in pig cross breeding, published in Yi chuan = Hereditas, provides context for understanding how parental genetics influence offspring traits [8]. Combine breeder input with your scoring system to make the final selection. If the breeder reports that a particular pig has consistently gained well and remained healthy, this information supports a higher score for that pig. If the breeder reports structural problems in siblings or half-siblings, this information may lower your structural soundness score for related pigs. ### Using the Scoring System for Multiple Pigs When evaluating multiple pigs from different breeders or sources, use the same scoring system for all pigs to ensure consistent comparison. Evaluate all pigs on the same day if possible, or within a short time frame to minimize variation in condition. Record the source of each pig and any differences in management that could affect scores. After scoring all pigs, rank them by total score and select the top candidate that fits your budget and show schedule. If the top candidate is not available, move to the next ranked pig instead of selecting a lower-ranked pig based on subjective preference. This discipline produces better long-term results than making emotional selections. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is the best breed for a first-time show pig exhibitor? Crossbred pigs are often recommended for first-time exhibitors because they tend to be hardy, easy to manage, and competitive in many show classes. Yorkshire and Duroc crossbreds are popular choices. Consult with local breeders and extension agents for breed recommendations specific to your area. ### How much feed should I give my show pig each day? Feed amounts vary based on pig weight, age, and growth rate. A general guideline is to feed 3 to 5 percent of body weight per day, divided into two meals. Start with recommended amounts from your feed supplier and adjust based on weekly weight gain and body condition scoring. ### How often should I exercise my show pig? Exercise your show pig daily for 15 to 30 minutes, depending on fitness level and weather conditions. Begin with shorter sessions and gradually increase duration as the pig's fitness improves. Consistent daily exercise produces better results than occasional long sessions. ### What grooming supplies do I need for a show pig? Basic grooming supplies include a stiff brush, soft brush, hoof trimmers, mild shampoo, and towels. Additional items may include hair conditioners, show sheen products, and specialized grooming tools. Purchase supplies from livestock supply stores or show equipment vendors. ### How do I train my pig to stand still for the judge? Practice setting up your pig daily by placing its feet in the correct position and rewarding calm behavior. Use a show stick to guide the pig's feet into place. Start with short sessions and gradually increase duration as the pig learns to stand quietly. ### What should I do if my pig stops eating? If your pig stops eating, check for signs of illness including fever, lethargy, or respiratory problems. Ensure fresh water is available and check feed quality. If the pig does not resume eating within 12 hours, consult a veterinarian. ### How do I prevent my show pig from becoming too fat? Monitor body condition weekly and adjust feed amounts to maintain ideal condition. Increase exercise duration if the pig is gaining too much fat. Reduce energy-dense feed components and increase fiber if needed. Work with a nutritionist to formulate appropriate rations. ### What are the most common mistakes made by first-time show pig exhibitors? Common mistakes include overfeeding, inadequate exercise, poor training preparation, and neglecting health monitoring. First-time exhibitors often underestimate the time commitment required for daily care and training. Start early, maintain good records, and seek guidance from experienced exhibitors. ## Related Farming Guides - [Swine Genetic Selection And Replacement Planning](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/swine-genetic-selection-and-replacement-planning) - [Pig Farming Breeding Farrowing Nursery Grow Finish Nutrition And Biosecurity](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/pig-farming-breeding-farrowing-nursery-grow-finish-nutrition-and-biosecurity) - [Carp Farming Pond Production Feeding And Harvest Management](/knowledge/animal-farming/aquaculture/carp-farming-pond-production-feeding-and-harvest-management) - [Pig Feeder Management And Feed Wastage Control](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/pig-feeder-management-and-feed-wastage-control) - [Manure Management For Pig Farms](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/manure-management-for-pig-farms) ## Related Clinical & Scientific Guides * [Pig Enrichment Programs and Behavior Monitoring](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/pig-enrichment-programs-and-behavior-monitoring) * [Swine Handling Facility Design for Safe Pig Movement](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/swine-handling-facility-design-safe-pig-movement) * [Swine Feeding Management for Grow-Finish Pigs](/knowledge/animal-farming/swine/swine-feeding-management-for-grow-finish-pigs) ## References and Further Reading - [www.ars.usda.gov](https://www.ars.usda.gov/animal-production-and-protection) - [www.aphis.usda.gov](https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/swine) - [www.merckvetmanual.com](https://www.merckvetmanual.com/management-and-nutrition) - [FAO Animal Production and Health](https://www.fao.org/animal-production/en). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. - [Animal Health and Welfare](https://www.nal.usda.gov/animal-health-and-welfare). USDA National Agricultural Library. - [Genomic Epidemiology, Evolution, and Transmission Dynamics of Porcine Deltacoronavirus.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32407507). [Molecular biology](/blog/careers/molecular-biology) and evolution, 2020. - [Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of a male pig provides insight into population structure and selection for body stature.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41387626). Nature genetics, 2026. - [The application of genomic selection in pig cross breeding.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32102771). Yi chuan = Hereditas, 2020. - [Selection for sow longevity.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16582089). Journal of animal science, 2006. - [The predicted benefits of genomic selection on pig breeding objectives.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38779724). Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie, 2024. - [Artificial insemination in pigs today.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26253434). Theriogenology, 2016. - [Selection for resistance to swine mycoplasmal pneumonia over 5 generations in Landrace pigs](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.03.014). Livestock Science, 2012. - [Analysis of polygenic selection in purebred and crossbred pig genomes using generation proxy selection mapping](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12711-023-00836-9). Genetics Selection Evolution, 2023. - [Amplification and selection of PRRSV-activated VDJ repertoires in pigs secreting distinct neutralizing antiboidies](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.06.005). [Veterinary Immunology](/knowledge/veterinary-medicine/veterinary-pathology-microbiology/innate-immunity-receptors-and-effector-mechanisms) and Immunopathology, 2017. > This article is educational and is not a substitute for veterinary diagnosis, treatment, public-health guidance, or regulatory reporting.