Dog Reverse Sneeze vs Kennel Cough
By Dr. Zubair Khalid, DVM, MS, PhD ·
Key Takeaways
- Reverse sneezing is characterized by a rapid, forceful inhalation through the nose, producing a snorting or gasping sound, and is typically a benign, transient pharyngeal spasm triggered by irritants or excitement.
- Kennel cough, or canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection, commonly caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica and various viruses, manifesting as a persistent, dry, honking cough on exhalation.
- Diagnostic differentiation relies heavily on the auditory characteristics and temporal pattern of the respiratory event: reverse sneezing is brief (seconds to a minute) and inspiratory, while kennel cough is a prolonged (days to weeks) expiratory cough often followed by gagging.
- Risk factors for kennel cough include exposure in high-density dog environments like kennels and dog parks, with transmission occurring via aerosolized droplets and direct contact.
- While reverse sneezing often resolves spontaneously with minor home interventions like throat massage or nostril occlusion, kennel cough may necessitate veterinary intervention including cough suppressants, anti-inflammatories, or antibiotics, particularly in at-risk populations (puppies, seniors, immunocompromised).
- Prevention strategies include managing environmental triggers and excitement for reverse sneezing, and for kennel cough, vaccination (e.g., Bordetella vaccine) and avoiding contact with infected individuals are paramount.
Hearing your dog make a strange, alarming sound can be frightening. Two common culprits are the reverse sneeze and kennel cough. While they both affect the respiratory tract, they are very different conditions. Knowing which one your dog is experiencing can reduce your anxiety and help you take the right next step.
The key difference is the sound and the underlying cause. A reverse sneeze is a rapid, forceful inhalation that sounds like a snorting gasp. It is usually a harmless, temporary spasm. Kennel cough, on the other hand, is a persistent, harsh, honking cough that sounds like your dog has something stuck in their throat. It is a contagious infection that requires monitoring and sometimes treatment.
Quick Q&A: Common Questions
Question: How can I tell if my dog is reverse sneezing versus having kennel cough? Answer: Listen to the sound. Reverse sneezing produces a sudden, loud snorting or honking on the inhale, and the dog often stands still with elbows out and neck extended. Kennel cough is a dry, hacking cough on the exhale, often followed by gagging or retching. Reverse sneezing episodes last 30 seconds to a minute and then stop; kennel cough persists for days or weeks.
Understanding Dog Reverse Sneeze
What is a Reverse Sneeze?
A reverse sneeze, medically known as paroxysmal respiration or pharyngeal gag reflex, is a sudden, involuntary spasm of the throat and soft palate. Unlike a normal sneeze which expels air, a reverse sneeze draws air in forcefully through the nose. This creates the distinctive loud, snorting sound that often worries pet owners.
Common Causes
Reverse sneezing is typically triggered by temporary irritation in the nasal passages or throat. Common causes include:
- Excitement or overstimulation (e.g., greeting you at the door, playing)
- Allergens such as pollen, dust, or perfume
- Sudden temperature changes (going from warm to cold air)
- Tight collars or collar pressure when pulling on a leash
- Foreign irritants like grass seeds or debris
Brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds like Pugs, Bulldogs, and Boston Terriers are predisposed due to their elongated soft palates and narrow nasal passages.
Home Care for Reverse Sneezing
Most episodes resolve on their own within a minute. You can help your dog by:
- Gently massaging their throat to relax the spasm
- Briefly covering their nostrils to encourage swallowing
- Offering a calm voice and a drink of water
- Checking their collar fit and using a harness during walks
Unless episodes are frequent, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms, veterinary treatment is not needed.
Understanding Kennel Cough
What is Kennel Cough?
Kennel cough, or canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection. It is most often caused by the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica combined with viruses such as parainfluenza or adenovirus. The hallmark sign is a dry, honking cough that sounds like a goose honk. Dogs often cough up phlegm or gag at the end of a bout.
Common Causes and Transmission
Kennel cough spreads through airborne droplets, direct contact, or contaminated surfaces. Dogs are at higher risk in environments with other dogs, such as:
- Boarding kennels
- Dog parks
- Grooming salons
- Training classes
- Shelters
The incubation period is typically 2 to 14 days after exposure.
Home Care and When to See a Vet
Most mild cases of kennel cough resolve on their own within 1 to 3 weeks. To support recovery at home:
- Use a harness instead of a collar to reduce throat pressure
- Provide a humid environment (e.g., a steamy bathroom)
- Ensure plenty of rest and fresh water
- Avoid vigorous exercise
You should see a veterinarian if your dog:
- Has a fever (temperature above 102.5°F / 39.2°C)
- Loses appetite or becomes lethargic
- Develops thick, colored nasal discharge
- Shows difficulty breathing
- Is a puppy, senior, or has a compromised immune system
Veterinary treatment may include cough suppressants, anti-inflammatories, or antibiotics if a bacterial infection is suspected.
Preventing Both Conditions
Preventing Reverse Sneezing
While you cannot eliminate all triggers, you can reduce episodes by:
- Managing excitement levels with calm greetings
- Avoiding known allergens and strong scents
- Using a properly fitted harness instead of a collar
- Keeping your dog at a healthy weight to reduce airway pressure
Preventing Kennel Cough
Vaccination is the most effective prevention. The Bordetella vaccine (often combined with parainfluenza) is recommended for social dogs. Even vaccinated dogs can develop mild illness, but it is usually less severe. Other preventive steps include:
- Avoiding contact with sick dogs
- Disinfecting shared toys and bowls
- Choosing facilities with good air circulation and cleanliness