Animal Husbandry Careers: Roles, Education, and Salary Insights

Animal husbandry careers span livestock farm management, animal breeding, dairy herd supervision, poultry operations, and related technical and professional roles in the animal industry. These careers combine practical animal care with business management, biosecurity planning, and increasingly data-driven production decisions. For students, researchers, and life-science professionals exploring this field, the pathway typically involves formal education in animal science or a related discipline, hands-on experience through internships or entry-level farm positions, and continuous skill development in areas such as nutrition, reproduction, disease prevention, and record keeping. Salary levels and job outlook vary substantially by role, geographic location, employer type, and level of responsibility, so evaluating specific career options requires examining current labor market data alongside personal career goals.

Scope of Animal Husbandry Careers

Animal husbandry refers to the science and practice of breeding, feeding, caring for, and managing domestic animals raised for food, fiber, labor, or companionship. Careers in this field exist across multiple production sectors, including beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, poultry, sheep, goats, and equine operations. The animal industry also includes supporting roles in animal health, nutrition, genetics, equipment supply, and regulatory compliance.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics groups many animal husbandry occupations under Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations, which includes agricultural and food scientists who study farm animals and production systems. The same source also lists veterinarians and veterinary technicians under Healthcare Occupations, reflecting the close connection between animal production and animal health services. Workers in animal husbandry may therefore find career pathways in production agriculture, animal health, research, education, or government service.

Career progression in animal husbandry typically follows a pattern from entry-level animal caretaker or farm hand, to specialized technician or assistant manager, to farm or herd manager, and potentially to owner-operator, consultant, or industry specialist. Each step requires additional responsibility, technical knowledge, and management skill. The U.S. Department of Labor maintains detailed occupational information through O*NET OnLine, which describes tasks, skills, education levels, and work contexts for hundreds of occupations, including those related to animal production and care.

Core Career Roles in Animal Husbandry

Livestock Farm Managers

Livestock farm managers oversee daily operations on farms raising cattle, swine, sheep, goats, or other livestock. Their responsibilities include planning feeding programs, managing breeding schedules, monitoring animal health, supervising farm workers, maintaining facilities, and managing budgets and production records. Farm managers must understand animal nutrition, reproduction, disease prevention, and facility design, as well as business principles such as cost control and marketing.

A farm manager typically works with veterinarians to implement herd health programs and with nutritionists to formulate rations that meet production goals. The manager also tracks key performance indicators such as conception rates, weaning weights, feed conversion ratios, and mortality rates. These records inform decisions about culling, breeding, and resource allocation. Farm managers may work on family operations, corporate farms, or research facilities, and the scale of the operation heavily influences the scope of the role.

Animal Breeders

Animal breeders focus on genetic improvement of livestock through selective mating and, in many cases, assisted reproductive technologies. Breeders evaluate animals for desirable traits such as growth rate, milk production, carcass quality, disease resistance, and temperament. They maintain pedigree records, plan mating strategies, and may use artificial insemination, embryo transfer, or genomic testing to accelerate genetic progress.

Breeders work with individual producers, breeding companies, or artificial insemination cooperatives. The role requires knowledge of genetics, reproductive physiology, and record keeping. Breeders also need practical skills in animal handling and semen collection or embryo procedures, depending on the species and the technology used. Success in this career depends on accurate data collection and the ability to interpret genetic evaluations.

Dairy Herd Managers

Dairy herd managers specialize in the care and production of dairy cattle. Their duties include overseeing milking operations, managing nutrition programs for lactating cows and replacement heifers, monitoring udder health and milk quality, and coordinating breeding programs. Dairy managers must understand lactation physiology, mastitis prevention, and milk quality standards, as well as the financial aspects of milk production.

The dairy sector has adopted precision technologies such as automated milking systems, activity monitors for heat detection, and computerized feeding systems. Dairy herd managers increasingly need data literacy to interpret the information these systems generate. They also coordinate with veterinarians on herd health protocols and with milk processors on quality and regulatory requirements.

Poultry Specialists

Poultry specialists manage or advise on the production of chickens, turkeys, ducks, or other poultry species. Roles exist in broiler production, layer operations, breeder flocks, and hatcheries. Poultry specialists address housing and ventilation, lighting programs, nutrition, disease prevention, and biosecurity. They may work on a single farm, across multiple contract farms for an integrator, or as independent consultants.

The poultry industry operates with high stocking densities and rapid production cycles, so specialists must pay close attention to environmental conditions and bird behavior. Flock health monitoring, vaccination programs, and mortality tracking are core responsibilities. Poultry specialists also manage the logistics of chick placement, feed delivery, and processing schedules.

Animal Health Technicians and Veterinary Support Roles

Animal health technicians, sometimes called veterinary technicians or technologists, support veterinarians in clinical and production settings. In livestock operations, they may assist with herd health examinations, collect blood or milk samples, administer treatments under veterinary direction, and maintain treatment records. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics includes veterinary technologists and technicians within Healthcare Occupations, reflecting the clinical nature of the work.

These roles require formal education, typically an associate or bachelor's degree in veterinary technology, and credentialing in many jurisdictions. In production animal settings, technicians often split time between clinical tasks and laboratory work, such as running pregnancy tests, evaluating fecal samples, or performing milk cultures. The role provides a pathway into veterinary medicine or herd management for those who gain additional education and experience.

Equine Industry Careers

The equine industry offers careers in breeding farm management, training, stable management, and equine health services. A 2024 study published in the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science examined employment in the equine industry in 2022, providing insights into career types, salaries, and benefits across this sector. The study's findings indicate that equine careers vary widely in compensation and working conditions depending on the type of employer, the level of responsibility, and the discipline involved.

Equine breeding farms require managers who understand mare and stallion management, foaling, and young horse development. Performance barns need staff who can manage training schedules, nutrition, and health care for athletic horses. Research on Arabian horses published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine highlights that equine athletes begin their careers at a young age while still physically and mentally immature, and that training programs must balance performance goals with welfare considerations. Professionals in this field need knowledge of exercise physiology, injury prevention, and behavior.

Education Pathways and Credentials

High School Preparation

Students interested in animal husbandry careers can begin preparing in high school by taking courses in biology, chemistry, mathematics, and agriculture if available. Participation in programs such as 4-H or FFA provides hands-on animal experience and develops leadership and record-keeping skills. Part-time work or volunteering on farms can also build practical knowledge before formal education begins.

Associate Degrees and Certificates

Many community colleges and technical schools offer associate degrees or certificates in animal science, dairy science, equine studies, or veterinary technology. These programs typically take two years and combine classroom instruction with laboratory and farm experience. Graduates may qualify for positions as animal care technicians, herdspersons, or assistant managers. An associate degree in veterinary technology can lead to credentialing as a veterinary technician.

Bachelor's Degrees

A bachelor's degree in animal science, dairy science, poultry science, or a related field is the most common educational pathway for management and specialist roles in animal husbandry. Coursework typically covers animal nutrition, reproduction, genetics, physiology, health management, and agricultural business. Many programs require or encourage internships or supervised work experiences. The National Institutes of Health Office of Intramural Training and Education provides information about research training opportunities that may be relevant for students interested in animal science research careers.

Graduate Education

Master's and doctoral degrees prepare graduates for research, advanced extension, or executive roles in the animal industry. Graduate programs emphasize independent research, statistical analysis, and specialized knowledge in areas such as animal genetics, reproductive physiology, or nutritional biochemistry. Research careers may be based at universities, government agencies such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or private companies. The National Center for Biotechnology Information and PubMed provide access to the scientific literature that supports advanced study in animal science.

Continuing Education and Certification

Working professionals in animal husbandry often pursue continuing education through workshops, conferences, and certification programs. Professional certifications exist for specific skills such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer, or livestock farm management. Some employers support ongoing training in areas such as biosecurity, animal welfare auditing, or precision farming technologies. The U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET OnLine system provides information about the education and training typically required for specific occupations.

At a Glance: Career Comparison Table

The following table compares common animal husbandry career paths across education requirements, typical salary ranges, and job outlook considerations. Salary figures are general ranges based on industry reports and should be interpreted with caution because actual compensation varies by region, employer, experience, and market conditions.

Salary Insights and Employment Data

Factors Affecting Compensation

Salaries in animal husbandry careers depend on several factors, including the type and scale of the operation, geographic location, level of education, years of experience, and the specific responsibilities of the role. Management positions on large commercial farms generally pay more than entry-level caretaker roles. Specialized technical skills, such as expertise in reproductive technologies or data analysis, can command higher compensation.

The animal-health industry offers particularly strong earning potential for professionals with business skills. A study published in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education found that employment earnings and employment extras in the animal health industries rank among the top strata of veterinary professional options. This finding suggests that professionals who combine animal science knowledge with business acumen can access well-compensated careers in product development, sales, and technical support.

Geographic Variation

Compensation varies significantly by region due to differences in the cost of living, the structure of local agricultural industries, and the supply and demand for skilled workers. Regions with concentrated livestock production, such as the Midwest for cattle and swine or the Southeast for poultry, tend to have more employment opportunities and competitive wages for production roles. Urban areas may offer higher salaries for research, regulatory, or corporate positions but also have higher living costs.

Industry Sector Differences

Employer type influences compensation and benefits. Family farms may offer lower cash wages but provide housing, vehicles, or other in-kind benefits. Corporate farms and integrators typically offer structured pay scales, health insurance, and retirement benefits. Government agencies and universities offer stable employment with defined benefit packages but may pay less than private industry for comparable qualifications. The equine industry, as documented in the 2024 Journal of Equine Veterinary Science study, shows considerable variation in salaries and benefits across career types, with some roles offering modest compensation relative to the skill and physical demands involved.

Internships and Entry-Level Pathways

Value of Hands-On Experience

Practical experience is essential for career advancement in animal husbandry. Employers consistently value candidates who can demonstrate competence in animal handling, facility management, and record keeping. Internships provide structured opportunities to develop these skills while building professional networks. A study of Canadian swine veterinarians published in PubMed found that most respondents had obtained swine experience before graduation and that preparedness for swine practice was correlated with the number of educational opportunities completed during veterinary school. This pattern applies broadly across animal husbandry careers: more hands-on experience translates into greater readiness for professional responsibility.

Types of Internships

Internship opportunities exist across the animal industry. Production farms offer internships in dairy, beef, swine, poultry, and sheep operations where interns learn daily care routines, breeding management, and record systems. Research institutions provide internships focused on animal science experiments, data collection, and laboratory techniques. The National Institutes of Health Office of Intramural Training and Education administers research training programs that may include animal-related projects. Veterinary clinics and animal health companies offer internships in clinical support, diagnostics, and product development.

Agribusiness companies provide internships in nutrition, genetics, animal health products, and farm equipment. These positions often combine technical learning with business exposure. Government agencies such as extension services or departments of agriculture may offer internships in regulatory programs, disease surveillance, or education and outreach.

Finding Internship Opportunities

Students can identify internship opportunities through university career services, faculty advisors, professional organizations, and direct contact with farms or companies. Industry conferences and job fairs frequently feature internship recruitment. Online job boards and professional association websites also list opportunities. The U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET OnLine provides occupational information that can help students understand the skills and experiences relevant to specific career paths.

Entry-Level Positions

Entry-level positions in animal husbandry include farm hand, animal caretaker, herdsperson, flock supervisor, and laboratory assistant. These roles provide foundational experience in animal handling, feeding, cleaning, and observation. Entry-level workers learn to recognize normal and abnormal animal behavior, follow protocols, and maintain records. Advancement from entry-level positions depends on demonstrated reliability, technical skill development, and willingness to take on additional responsibility.

Skills and Competencies for Career Success

Technical Knowledge

Animal husbandry professionals need a solid foundation in animal nutrition, reproduction, genetics, and health management. Understanding the nutritional requirements of different species and production stages is fundamental to optimizing growth, reproduction, and product quality. Knowledge of reproductive physiology supports breeding programs and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Familiarity with genetic principles enables informed decisions about selection and mating.

Disease prevention and biosecurity are critical competencies. A study of Iranian livestock breeders published in PLOS Global Public Health found that breeders had moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward brucellosis prevention but relatively low practice levels, and that higher education was associated with better awareness, attitude, and practice scores. This finding underscores the importance of ongoing education to translate knowledge into effective prevention practices. A cross-sectional study of occupational populations in Binzhou, China, published in Frontiers in Public Health, identified risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity including contact with infected patients, external injuries during livestock contact, and shared water sources, highlighting the need for workers to understand transmission routes and use protective measures.

Data and Record Management

Modern animal husbandry relies heavily on data. Production records track animal identification, breeding dates, health treatments, growth performance, and financial outcomes. Professionals must be comfortable with record-keeping systems, whether paper-based or electronic. Many operations use herd management software that integrates data from scales, milk meters, activity monitors, and other sensors. The ability to interpret data and use it for decision-making distinguishes effective managers.

A review published in the Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology discusses Staphylococcus aureus as a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause mastitis, skin infections, and other diseases, with biofilm formation threatening animal health and product safety. Managing such disease risks requires systematic monitoring and record keeping to identify patterns and evaluate intervention effectiveness.

Animal Welfare and Handling

Contemporary animal husbandry places strong emphasis on animal welfare. Professionals must understand the behavioral needs of the species they manage and handle animals in ways that minimize stress and injury. A study of Arabian horses published in Preventive Veterinary Medicine found that cortisol concentrations increased significantly after training and competition, with a more intensive increase after competition, and suggested that optimal training programs can induce a stress response that is unlikely to harm an athlete's welfare. This research illustrates the importance of balancing production or performance goals with welfare considerations.

A study on organic pig farming in Europe, published in Animals, found that organic systems delivered better animal welfare outcomes and positive benefits for biodiversity, soil health, and rural employment, while noting that continued improvements in feed sourcing, emissions, animal health, and market development could enhance their sustainability contributions. Professionals should understand how different production systems affect welfare and be prepared to implement practices that support positive animal states.

Communication and Language Skills

Animal husbandry increasingly involves diverse workforces. A study published in Animals examined a Spanish for Specific Purposes in Agriculture curriculum for animal science and veterinary students and found that Spanish competence developed by students positively impacted the self-perceived knowledge of animal welfare among Spanish-speaking livestock workers. This research demonstrates that communication skills, including second-language proficiency, directly affect the quality of animal care and worker safety on farms with multilingual teams.

Business and Management Skills

Farm managers and industry professionals need business skills including budgeting, marketing, personnel management, and regulatory compliance. Understanding the economics of production systems helps managers make decisions about inputs, stocking rates, and marketing strategies. Personnel management skills are essential for operations with employees, including hiring, training, scheduling, and performance evaluation.

Practical Implementation Steps for Career Entry

Step 1: Assess Interests and Goals

Evaluate which species and production systems align with your interests and career objectives. Consider whether you prefer working directly with animals, managing people and operations, conducting research, or supporting the industry through technical or business roles. Shadowing professionals in different settings can clarify these preferences.

Step 2: Pursue Relevant Education

Select an educational program that matches your career goals. A bachelor's degree in animal science provides broad preparation for management and specialist roles. Associate degrees and certificates offer faster entry into technical positions. Graduate education supports research and advanced specialization. Review course offerings, faculty expertise, and internship requirements when comparing programs.

Step 3: Gain Hands-On Experience

Seek internships, part-time work, or volunteer positions that provide direct animal experience. Prioritize opportunities that expose you to the species and production systems you want to work with. Document the skills you develop and the responsibilities you handle, as this record will support future job applications.

Step 4: Build Professional Networks

Join professional organizations, attend industry conferences, and connect with practitioners in your field of interest. Faculty members, internship supervisors, and industry professionals can provide guidance and job leads. The National Institutes of Health Office of Intramural Training and Education and other research institutions offer networking opportunities for those interested in research careers.

Step 5: Develop a Portfolio of Records

Maintain records of your education, experience, and skills. Include examples of production records you have kept, protocols you have followed, and problems you have solved. A well-organized portfolio demonstrates your capabilities to employers and supports professional advancement.

Step 6: Pursue Continuous Learning

Animal husbandry is a dynamic field with ongoing advances in genetics, nutrition, health management, and technology. Commit to lifelong learning through reading scientific literature, attending workshops, and pursuing certifications. The National Center for Biotechnology Information and PubMed provide access to current research that can inform your practice.

Common Failure Patterns in Career Development

Insufficient Hands-On Experience

Candidates who complete education without practical experience often struggle to secure management positions. Employers value demonstrated competence in animal handling and daily care routines. Students should seek internships and part-time work early in their education to build this foundation.

Narrow Skill Development

Professionals who focus exclusively on one technical area may limit their career options. The animal industry values versatility, including data management, communication, and business skills. A study on interdisciplinary and collaborative global health research published in Global Health Action identified barriers and enablers for researchers working across disciplinary boundaries, including the need for inclusive training and networking to bridge disciplinary divides. Similar principles apply in animal science careers.

Neglecting Safety and Biosecurity

Workers who fail to follow safety and biosecurity protocols put themselves and their animals at risk. The brucellosis studies cited earlier demonstrate the occupational health risks associated with livestock work. Professionals must consistently use protective equipment, follow vaccination and testing protocols, and maintain hygienic practices.

Poor Record Keeping

Inadequate records undermine decision-making and regulatory compliance. Managers who cannot document animal treatments, movements, or production performance face difficulties in evaluating outcomes and meeting certification requirements. Developing systematic record-keeping habits early in a career is essential.

Resistance to Technology Adoption

The animal industry is adopting precision technologies, including sensors, automated systems, and data analytics. A review published in Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal examines how artificial intelligence is transforming animal science and livestock production, reshaping practices and the frameworks within which knowledge is created and applied. Professionals who resist learning new technologies may find their skills becoming obsolete.

Welfare and Safety Context

Animal Welfare Standards

Animal husbandry professionals have a responsibility to maintain high standards of animal welfare. This includes providing appropriate nutrition, housing, health care, and opportunities for natural behavior. Welfare assessment frameworks help professionals evaluate their practices and identify areas for improvement. A study on perceptions of elephants' labor and autonomy in zoos, published in Animals, used the Five Domains animal welfare assessment model to evaluate welfare and found that participants' perceptions were mostly aligned with zoo professionals' perceptions. This model can be applied across species to assess nutrition, environment, health, behavior, and mental state.

Occupational Health and Safety

Livestock work involves physical demands and exposure to hazards including animal injuries, zoonotic diseases, and equipment accidents. Workers should receive training in safe animal handling, proper lifting techniques, and the use of personal protective equipment. Employers should maintain safety protocols and provide appropriate equipment.

Zoonotic disease prevention is a critical safety concern. The study of Iranian livestock breeders found that participants with a history of brucellosis reported their last occurrence of the disease on average 7.03 years prior, and that practice levels were relatively low despite moderate knowledge and positive attitudes. This gap between knowledge and practice highlights the need for ongoing safety training and reinforcement. The Binzhou study identified external injuries during livestock contact as a risk factor for brucellosis, emphasizing the importance of wound care and protective measures.

Regulatory Compliance

Animal husbandry operations must comply with regulations governing animal health, food safety, environmental protection, and worker safety. A study published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science examined the impact of legislative regulation on animal epidemic prevention and control input among pig farmers in China and found that legislative regulation significantly increased prevention input, with the strongest effect on medium-scale farmers. Professionals should understand the regulatory framework applicable to their operations and maintain compliance through documentation and inspections.

Limitations and Professional Escalation Criteria

Recognizing Knowledge Limits

Animal husbandry professionals must recognize the limits of their expertise and seek appropriate support when needed. Veterinarians should be consulted for disease diagnosis and treatment decisions. Nutritionists can assist with ration formulation for complex situations. Extension specialists and consultants can provide guidance on facility design, business planning, and regulatory compliance.

Escalation Criteria for Animal Health

Professionals should escalate animal health concerns to a veterinarian when they observe signs of serious disease, unexplained mortality, or conditions that do not respond to standard treatments. Specific indicators include high fever, severe diarrhea, respiratory distress, neurological signs, or sudden death. Early veterinary involvement can prevent disease spread and reduce losses.

Escalation Criteria for Safety

Workers should report safety hazards, injuries, or near misses to supervisors immediately. If a worker experiences a wound during animal contact, particularly in regions where zoonotic diseases are present, medical evaluation should be sought promptly. The brucellosis risk factors identified in the Binzhou study, including external injuries during livestock contact, underscore the importance of prompt wound care and medical follow-up.

Escalation Criteria for Regulatory Issues

If an operation faces potential regulatory violations, such as positive disease tests, food safety concerns, or environmental noncompliance, professionals should involve appropriate authorities and seek legal or technical advice. Attempting to conceal or resolve regulatory issues without proper guidance can worsen outcomes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What education is required for a career in animal husbandry?

Education requirements vary by role. Entry-level positions may require only a high school diploma and on-the-job training. Technical positions such as veterinary technicians typically require an associate degree. Management and specialist roles generally require a bachelor's degree in animal science or a related field. Research and advanced specialist positions may require graduate education. The U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET OnLine provides occupation-specific education information.

How much do animal husbandry professionals earn?

Salaries vary widely by role, employer, location, and experience. Management positions on large commercial operations generally pay more than entry-level caretaker roles. The animal-health industry offers competitive compensation for professionals with business skills, as documented in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. The equine industry shows considerable variation in salaries and benefits across career types. Prospective professionals should research specific roles and regions to develop realistic salary expectations.

What internships are available for animal husbandry students?

Internships exist on production farms, at research institutions, in veterinary clinics, and with agribusiness companies. The National Institutes of Health Office of Intramural Training and Education administers research training programs that may include animal-related projects. University career services, professional organizations, and industry conferences are good sources for identifying opportunities. Direct contact with farms or companies can also yield internship placements.

What skills are most important for success in animal husbandry careers?

Technical knowledge of animal nutrition, reproduction, genetics, and health management is fundamental. Data management skills are increasingly important as operations adopt precision technologies. Communication skills, including the ability to work with diverse teams, directly affect animal care quality. Business and management skills support career advancement into supervisory and leadership roles.

Are animal husbandry careers physically demanding?

Most animal husbandry roles involve physical work, including lifting, standing, and working in varying weather conditions. The level of physical demand varies by role, with production positions generally more physically demanding than research or administrative positions. Workers should maintain physical fitness and follow safe handling practices to prevent injury.

What is the job outlook for animal husbandry careers?

Job outlook varies by occupation and sector. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics provides employment projections for occupations in Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations and Healthcare Occupations, which include many animal-related roles. Demand for animal products, technological change, and industry consolidation all influence employment opportunities. Professionals with strong technical and data skills are likely to have favorable prospects.

Can animal husbandry experience lead to veterinary school?

Animal husbandry experience is valuable preparation for veterinary school. Many veterinary applicants have backgrounds in animal science or agriculture. A study of Canadian swine veterinarians found that most respondents had started or completed a degree in agriculture or animal science before veterinary school and had obtained swine experience before graduation. Veterinary school admission requires completion of prerequisite coursework and typically considers animal experience as part of the application.

What career advancement opportunities exist in animal husbandry?

Career advancement can follow several paths, including moving from entry-level to management positions on larger operations, specializing in areas such as genetics or nutrition, transitioning to industry roles in product development or technical support, or pursuing research and education careers. Graduate education can open doors to advanced positions. The animal-health industry offers diverse opportunities for professionals interested in business applications of animal health and husbandry, as described in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.

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References and Further Reading

• Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• Healthcare Occupations. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• O*NET OnLine. U.S. Department of Labor.
• Office of Intramural Training and Education. National Institutes of Health.
• NCBI Literature Resources. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
• PubMed. National Library of Medicine.
• Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.. Lancet (London, England), 2025.
• Global, regional, and national burden of tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2026.
• Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950-2023: a demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.. Lancet (London, England), 2025.
• Global burden of enteric infectious diseases, diarrhoeal diseases, and corresponding aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2026.
• Veterinarians and the animal-health industry: a complex dimension of opportunity.. Journal of veterinary medical education, 2006.
• Beyond buzzwords: fostering interdisciplinary and collaborative global health research in Germany and beyond.. Global health action, 2024.
• Stress response after race and endurance training sessions and competitions in Arabian horses.. Preventive veterinary medicine, 2021.
• Innovations and diverse livelihood pathways: alternative livelihoods, livelihood diversification and societal transformation in pastoral communities.. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2016.
• Organic Pig Farming in Europe: Pathways, Performance, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda.. 2026.
• Perceptions of Elephants' Labor and Autonomy in Zoos.. 2025.
• The Influence of Prior Perception, Attitude, and Immediate Knowledge of AI on Adolescents' Preferences for High- and Low-Replaceable Jobs.. 2026.
• Iranian livestock breeders' knowledge, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to brucellosis prevention.. 2025.
• Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of human brucellosis among occupational population in Binzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.. 2026.
• Features of Canadian swine veterinarians and implications for recruitment to swine medicine.. 2026.
• The impact of legislative regulation on animal epidemic prevention and control input: evidence from 13 main provinces of pig production in China.. 2025.
• Impact of a Spanish for Specific Purposes in Agriculture Curriculum for Animal Science and Veterinary Students on Animal Welfare Knowledge of Spanish-Speaking Livestock Workers. Animals, 2025.
• Development of Tourism Village Applications for Competitive and Comparative Branding Case Studies in West Java and Banten Provinces with Qualitative Methods and Design Thinking. Proceeding of the International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research for Sustainable Innovation, 2024.
• Discussion on UAV Course Planning of Technical High School Civil and Architectural Groups. 2019 IEEE Eurasia Conference on IOT, Communication and Engineering (ECICE), 2019.
• Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2024.
• Invited paper Artificial intelligence and the future of animal husbandry: rethinking knowledge, practice, and governance. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Producción Animal, 2025.
• Occurrence of haemoprotozoa in dairy cattle across different animal husbandry setups in Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2025.
• Employment in the equine industry in 2022: Insights into career types, salaries, and benefits. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2024.
• The role of female veterinarians in Africa. Argos Utrecht Netherlands, 2000.

This article is educational and does not replace institutional policy, professional advice, or applicable safety and regulatory requirements.